From: Infant and young child feeding practices differ by ethnicity of Vietnamese mothers
 | Early initiation of breastfeeding (n = 1875) | Exclusive breastfeeding under 6 months (n = 943) | Predominant breastfeeding under 6 months(n = 943) | Bottle feeding(n = 1875) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mother ethnicity (ref. Kinh ethnicity): | ||||||||
 Thai-Muong | 1.04 | (0.72,1.51) | 0.42 | (0.25, 0.71)** | 0.07 | (0.01, 0.49)** | 0.50 | (0.37, 0.68)*** |
 Tay-Nung | 0.56 | (0.39,0.80)** | 0.67 | (0.34, 1.32) | 0.39 | (0.19, 0.79)** | 1.12 | (0.75, 1.68) |
 E De-Mnong | 0.75 | (0.48,1.17) | 1.99 | (1.04, 3.82)* | 1.35 | (0.82, 2.24) | 0.69 | (0.50, 0.95)* |
Mother age (18–24 y vs. ≥ 25 y) | 0.66 | (0.53,0.83)*** | 0.77 | (0.50, 1.19) | 0.75 | (0.55, 1.02) | 0.96 | (0.72, 1.30) |
Mother education (≤9 y vs. > 9 y) | 1.30 | (1.07,1.57)** | 1.14 | (0.75, 1.73) | 0.86 | (0.61, 1.23) | 0.95 | (0.64, 1.42) |
Mother occupation (farmer vs. others) | 1.40 | (1.01,1.94)* | 1.71 | (1.18, 2.47)** | 1.52 | (1.03, 2.24)* | 0.61 | (0.39, 0.97)* |
Food insecurity status (ref. food secured): | ||||||||
 Mild | 0.66 | (0.45,0.97)* | 1.17 | (0.60, 2.26) | 1.05 | (0.70, 1.59) | 0.99 | (0.64, 1.53) |
 Moderate | 0.72 | (0.57,0.91)** | 0.81 | (0.57, 1.14) | 0.91 | (0.65, 1.29) | 0.96 | (0.63, 1.46) |
 Severe | 0.61 | (0.45,0.81)*** | 0.77 | (0.45, 1.31) | 0.85 | (0.50, 1.44) | 1.10 | (0.61, 1.98) |
Child age (mo) | Â | Â | 0.65 | (0.59, 0.71)*** | 0.54 | (0.48, 0.60)*** | 1.14 | (1.02, 1.27)* |
Being a boy | 0.94 | (0.75,1.18) | 0.84 | (0.55,1.27) | 0.89 | (0.68,1.17) | 1.35 | (0.88,2.06) |
Delivery modes (ref. vaginal delivery out of hospital): | ||||||||
 Vaginal delivery in hospital | 0.47 | (0.31,0.71)*** |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 Cesarean delivery in hospital | 0.03 | (0.02,0.05)*** |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Professional breastfeeding advice during pregnancy | 1.27 | (1.03,1.57)* | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Professional breastfeeding support during 3Â days after birth | 1.40 | (1.10,1.78)** | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |