Table 1 Child, maternal, household, and delivery characteristics by ethnicity^a

   < 20 y

5.1

(3.9, 6.6)

17.2

(12.8, 22.5)*

9.6

(7.0, 13.1)*

14.1

(9.3, 20.7)*

  20–24 y

32.0

(29.1, 34.9)

39.8

(31.4, 48.8)

46.3

(35.5, 57.4)*

34.5

(29.5, 39.8)

  25–29 y

34.3

(31.1, 37.6)

28.8

(22.6, 35.9)

25.3

(20.5, 30.8)*

26.4

(22.4, 30.9)*

   ≥ 30 y

28.7

(26.0, 31.6)

14.2

(11.5, 17.5)*

18.8

(11.7, 28.8)

25.0

(19.6, 31.3)

   ≤ 5 y

10.2

(8.4, 12.4)

20.7

(8.9, 41.1)

27.9

(19.2, 38.8)*

39.9

(32.3, 48.1)*

  6–9 y

49.7

(46.5, 53.0)

56.6

(49.2, 63.8)

41.5

(34.2, 49.2)

28.2

(24.2, 32.5)*

  10–12 y

25.7

(23.0, 28.6)

14.2

(8.2, 23.5)

26.2

(19.0, 35.0)

29.9

(22.3, 38.7)

   ≥ 12 y

14.4

(12.4, 16.6)

8.4

(4.0, 17.0)

4.4

(2.3, 8.2)*

2.0

(0.9, 4.3)*

  Farmer, Fisherman

34.0

(30.5,37.6)

86.4

(81.5, 90.2)*

88.6

(82.7, 92.7)*

88.8

(85.5, 91.4)*

  Salaried employee

21.1

(18.4,24.2)

7.4

(4.4, 12.2)*

3.5

(1.7, 7.2)*

2.9

(1.6, 5.1)

  Small trader, self-employed

20.6

(18.2,23.3)

2.6

(1.4, 4.7)*

4.4

(2.5, 7.6)*

0.6

(0.1, 2.2)*

  Household work/housewife

24.3

(21.4,27.4)

3.6

(2.7, 4.7)

3.5

(2.1, 5.7)*

7.8

(5.5, 10.9)*

  No (Food secured)

59.3

(55.6, 62.8)

26.2

(24.2, 28.3)*

27.5

(22.3, 33.4)*

11.5

(8.2, 15.8)*

  Mid

14.6

(12.5, 16.9)

15.5

(11.0, 21.5)

22.3

(18.1, 27.0)

10.3

(7.6, 14.0)*

  Moderate

18.8

(16.3, 21.6)

35.0

(28.2, 42.4)

44.5

(40.7, 48.5)*

50.9

(45.1, 56.6)*

  Severe

7.4

(5.7, 9.5)

23.3

(13.9, 36.3)

5.7

(3.6, 8.9)*

27.3

(22.5, 32.7)

  In hospitals

81.1

(77.5, 84.2)

23.9

(14.1, 37.6)*

73.4

(67.6, 78.5)

68.4

(56.4, 78.3)

  In commune health centers

17.4

(14.5, 20.7)

27.2

(16.3, 41.8)

23.6

(17.5, 31.0)

7.5

(4.0, 13.7)*

  At home

1.5

(0.6, 4.0)

48.9

(28.5, 69.6)*

3.1

(1.2, 7.4)

24.1

(15.7, 35.3)*

 Cesarean delivery

22.4

(19.9, 25.2)

5.5

(3.2, 9.2)*

12.7

(9.6, 16.5)*

12.1

(8.1, 17.6)*

 During pregnancy

47.9

(44.8, 51.1)

23.6

(17.8, 30.7)*

30.6

(23.4, 38.8)*

22.1

(17.3, 27.9)*

 During 3 days after birth

32.6

(29.6, 35.7)

13.6

(11.9, 15.5)*

26.2

(21.7, 31.2)

18.4

(12.8, 25.7)*

 Being a boy

51.0

(47.9,54.0)

50.5

(46.9,54.0)

48.5

(43.8,53.2)

50.3

(44.5,56.1)

 Mean age (mo)

8.5

(8.0,8.9)

10.4

(9.3,11.4)*

10.0

(9.4,10.7)*

7.7

(6.5,9.0)

  0–5 months

54.6

(51.2,58.0)

37.2

(34.6,39.9)*

39.7

(33.8,46.0)*

56.6

(45.1,67.4)

  6–11 month

17.3

(15.1,19.7)

23.3

(16.0,32.6)

24.5

(21.3,28.0)*

19.0

(13.6,25.8)

  12–17 months

14.1

(12.1,16.2)

23.0

(16.6,31.0)*

13.5

(9.3,19.3)

12.6

(8.7,18.0)

  18–23 months

14.1

(12.2,16.2)

16.5

(12.5,21.4)

22.3

(19.2,25.6)

11.8

(8.5,16.0)