Table 4 Risk factors for different types of perineal trauma

Primiparity^d

8.19 (3.21–20.89)

9.90 (3.63–26.98)^c

15.92 (6.79–37.30)

10.84 (4.28–27.45)^c

2.74 (2.25–3.33)

3.07 (2.48–3.81)^c

3.25 (2.66–3.97)

3.60 (2.89–4.49)^c

Birthweight > 4000 g ^d

1.93 (0.79–4.75)

2.87 (1.07–7.75)^a

0.75 (0.31–1.85)

1.58 (0.59–4.18)

1.30 (1.10–1.54)

1.48 (1.24–1.77)^c

1.32 (1.11–1.56)

1.53 (1.28–1.83)^c

Transfer before birth

2.42 (0.71–8.30)

0.46 (0.06–3.59)

11.02 (5.31–22.84)

3.98 (1.72–9.22)^b

1.33 (0.99–1.79)

0.91 (0.65–1.28)

1.60 (1.19–2.15)

1.01 (0.71–1.42)

Country

1.19 (0.70–2.03)

1.07 (0.60–1.90)

1.28 (0.82–2.01)

1.27 (0.78–2.09)

1.45 (1.32–1.58)

1.42 (1.29–1.56)^c

1.47 (1.34–1.61)

1.44 (1.31–1.59)^c

Flexible sacrum positions^e

0.71 (0.29–1.75)

0.68 (0.26–1.79)

0.20 (0.10–0.44)

0.20 (0.10-0.54)^b

0.89 (0.76–1.04)

1.02 (0.86–1.21)

0.84 (0.71–0.98)

0.96 (0.81–1.14)

Waterbirth

1.30 (0.54–3.16)

0.99 (0.36–2.73)

0.41 (0.16–1.06)

0.36 (0.13–1.03)

1.19 (1.02–1.39)

1.01 (0.85–1.20)

1.19 (1.02–1.39)

1.01 (0.85–1.21)