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Table 4 Crude and adjusted Odds Ratio of pregnancy hypertensive disorders and congenital malformations

From: Are hypertensive disorders in pregnancy associated with congenital malformations in offspring? Evidence from the WHO Multicountry cross sectional survey on maternal and newborn health

 

Chronic Hypertension

Pre-eclampsia

Eclampsia

Chronic HT/preeclampsia

 

Crude OR (CI 95 %)

Adj ORa (CI 95 %)

Crude OR (CI 95 %)

Adj ORa (CI 95 %)

Crude OR (CI 95 %)

Adj ORa (CI 95 %)

Crude OR (CI 95 %)

Adj ORa (CI 95 %)

Congenital malformation

        

Neural tube/Central Nervous System

4.2 (1.7–10.2)

2.3 (0.9–5∙.9)

2.0 (1.2–3.6)

1.5 (0.8–2.7)

-

-

9.9 (3.1–31.0)

4.3 (1.3–14.4)

Cardiac

2.8 (1∙.–6.7)

1.9 (0.8–4.7)

3.3 (2.3–4.8)

2.3 (1.6–3.5)

0.8 (0.1–5.9)

-

4.3 (1.1–17.5)

2.3 (0.5–9.6)

Renal

8.0 (2.9–21.7)

3.7 (1.3–10.7)

2.6 (1.2–5.6)

1.8 (0.8–3.8)

-

-

23.6 (7.4–74.4)

8.7 (2.5–30.2)

Limb

4.5 (2.0–10.1)

3.9 (1.7–9.0)

2.0 (1.1–3.4)

1.7 (0.9–3.1)

-

-

8.8 (2.8–27.6)

7.1 (2.1–23.5)

Lip/Cleft/Palate

5.1 (1.9–13.6)

4.2 (1.5–11.6)

1.4 (0.6–3.2)

1.3 (0.6–3.0)

1.9 (0.3–13.4)

2.8 (0.4–20.3)

9.9 (2.4–39.9)

8.2 (2.0–34.3)

Chromosomal

3.1 (0.7–12.3)

0.9 (0.1–6.6)

1.7 (0.8–3.9)

0.8 (0.3–2.2)

-

-

6.0 (0.8–42.9)

0.8 (0.2–4.1)

  1. aOR Adjusted for Age, Education, Previous births and Marital Status with country and facility as random mixed effect variable