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Table 2 The prevalence of newborn with congenital malformations by HDI quartiles per 1000 livebirths

From: Are hypertensive disorders in pregnancy associated with congenital malformations in offspring? Evidence from the WHO Multicountry cross sectional survey on maternal and newborn health

HDI

Country

Hospitals

Live births

Neur.tube/CNS defects

Cardiac defects

Renal defects

Limb defects

Lip/cleft/palate defects

Chromosomal syndrome

Total congenital defects

Very High

Argentina

14

9 851

14

1.4

25

2.5

8

0.8

10

1.0

5

0.5

14

1.4

76

7.7

Japan

10

3 566

2

0.6

35

9.8

2

0.6

5

1.4

8

2.2

7

2.0

59

16.5

 

Qatar

1

4 000

4

1.0

13

3.3

9

2.2

2

0.5

2

0.5

4

1.0

34

8.5

 

Total

25

17 417

20

1.1

73

4.2

10

1.1

17

1.0

15

0.9

25

1.4

169

9.7

High

Brazil

7

7 093

6

0.8

5

0.7

3

0.4

6

0.8

7

1.0

6

0.8

33

4.6

 

Ecuador

18

10 124

2

0.2

14

1.4

2

0.2

4

0.4

3

0.3

8

0.8

31

3.1

 

Lebanon

9

4 118

9

2.2

21

5.1

3

0.7

0

0

1

0.2

3

0.7

37

9.0

 

Mexico

14

13 312

31

2.3

39

2.9

18

1.3

33

2.5

12

0.9

13

1.0

146

11.0

 

Peru

16

15 203

28

1.8

126

8.3

14

0.9

31

2.0

22

1.4

40

2.6

277

18.2

 

Sri Lanka

14

18 162

22

1.2

88

4.8

10

0.6

75

4.1

32

1.8

24

1.3

251

13.8

 

Total

78

68 012

98

1.1

293

4.3

50

0.7

149

2.2

77

1.1

94

1.4

775

11.4

Medium

India

21

30 399

34

1.1

14

0.5

19

0.6

29

0.9

11

0.4

7

0.2

114

3.7

Jordan

1

1 197

3

2.5

7

5.8

3

2.5

2

1.7

6

5.0

3

2.5

24

20.0

 

Cambodia

5

4 691

0

0

2

0.4

0

0

2

0.4

2

0.4

1

0.2

7

1.5

 

China

21

13 395

3

0.2

22

1.6

2

0.1

23

1.7

14

1.0

0

0

64

4.8

 

Mongolia

5

7 385

1

0.1

6

0.8

0

0

5

0.7

2

0.3

2

0.3

16

2.2

 

Nicaragua

8

6 488

11

1.7

6

0.9

3

0.5

12

1.8

8

1.2

7

1.1

47

7.2

 

OPT

1

975

10

10.2

24

24.6

11

11.3

8

8.2

1

1.0

3

3.1

57

58.5

 

Paraguay

6

3 626

2

0.6

4

1.1

2

0.6

1

0.3

0

0

1

0.3

10

2.7

 

Philippines

16

10 711

9

0.8

1

0.1

1

0.1

6

0.6

9

0.8

1

0.1

27

2.5

 

Thailand

12

8 976

13

1.5

17

1.9

5

0.6

5

0.6

17

1.9

7

0.8

64

7.1

 

Viet Nam

15

15 557

3

0.2

5

0.3

2

0.1

3

0.2

2

0.1

2

0.1

17

1.1

 

Total

111

103 400

89

1.0

108

1.0

48

0.5

96

0.9

72

0.7

34

0.3

447

4.3

Low

Afghanistan

8

24 478

25

1.0

0

0

2

0.1

5

0.2

4

0.2

2

0.1

38

1.5

 

Angola

20

10 072

0

0

1

0.1

0

0

1

0.1

1

0.1

1

0.1

4

0.4

 

DR Congo

21

8 525

5

0.6

1

0.1

0

0

6

0.7

2

0.2

1

0.1

15

1.7

 

Kenya

20

20 057

30

1.5

6

0.3

2

0.1

55

2.7

18

0.9

11

0.5

122

6.1

 

Nepal

8

11 117

8

0.7

3

0.3

0

0

2

0.2

4

0.4

1

0.1

18

1.6

 

Niger

11

10 714

0

0

0

0

0

0

2

0.2

0

0

0

0

2

0.2

 

Nigeria

21

12 094

8

0.7

2

0.2

2

0.2

4

0.3

4

0.3

1

0.1

21

1.7

 

Pakistan

16

12 889

38

2.9

7

0.5

13

1.0

20

1.6

13

1.0

4

0.3

95

7.4

 

Uganda

20

10 626

1

0.1

0

0

0

0

10

0.9

2

0.2

1

0.1

14

1.3

 

Total

145

121 572

115

1.2

20

0.2

19

0.2

105

0.9

48

0.4

22

0.2

329

2.7

Overall Countries

359

310 401

322

1.0

494

1.6

136

0.4

367

1.2

212

0.7

175

0.6

1 706

5.5