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Table 2 Maternal demographic, clinical and hospital characteristics and their association with successful external cephalic version among breech presentations (N = 1, 079, 576)

From: Maternal outcomes of term breech presentation delivery: impact of successful external cephalic version in a nationwide sample of delivery admissions in the United States

 

Successful ECV

(N = 56, 409) N (%)

Persistent breech presentation at Delivery

(N = 1, 023, 167) N (%)

Adjusted Odds Ratio (95 % CI)

Age (years):

16–19

3355 (5.9 %)

79, 603 (7.8 %)

0.73 (0.64–0.83)

20–34

41, 551 (73.7 %)

765, 573 (74.4 %)

Reference

35–39

9102 (16.1 %)

143, 789 (14.1 %

1.21 (1.13–1.3)

> = 40

2395 (4.2 %)

37, 517 (3.7 %)

1.25 (1.12–1.39)

Race/Ethnicity:

   

White

25, 795 (45.7 %)

490, 605 (47.9 %)

Reference

Black

2936 (5.2 %)

62, 567 (6.1 %)

0.93 (0.83–1.04)

Hispanic

6797 (12.0 %)

145, 623 (14.2 %)

0.90 (0.81–1.00)

Asian

1711 (3.0 %)

40, 104 (3.9 %)

0.8 (0.69–0.91)

Pacific Islander

1987 (3.5 %)

39, 884 (3.9 %)

0.95 (0.83–1.09)

Other/ Unknown

17, 182 (30.5 %)

244, 384 (23.9 %)

1.24 (0.96–1.60)

Primary expected payer:

Medicare

200 (0.4 %)

5242 (0.5 %)

0.68 (0.48–0.95)

Medicaid

17, 520 (31.1 %)

322, 282 (31.6 %)

Reference

Private insurance

35, 157 (62.5 %)

636, 748 (62.4 %)

0.92 (0.87–0.99)

Self-Pay

1734 (3.1 %)

29, 823 (2.9 %)

1.00 (0.87–1.14)

No charge

85 (0.2 %)

2078 (0.2 %)

0.76 (0.44–1.30)

Other

1557 (2.8 %)

24, 670 (2.4 %)

1.09 (0.95–1.24)

Hypertensive disease

3197 (5.7 %)

75, 464 (7.4 %)

0.78 (0.72–0.86)

Diabetes

3375 (6.0 %)

64, 546 (6.3 %)

0.97 (0.9–1.05)

Intrauterine growth restriction

777 (1.4 %)

21, 853 (2.1 %)

0.69 (0.58–0.82)

Grand-multiparity

862 (1.5 %)

8401 (0.8 %)

1.81 (1.50–2.18)

Annual hospital delivery volume:

<=1000

11, 286 (20.0 %)

201, 914 (19.7 %)

Reference

1001–2000

14, 118 (25.0 %)

236, 610 (23.1 %)

1.09 (0.93–1.28)

2001–4000

18, 063 (32.0 %

357, 615 (35.0 %)

0.97 (0.84–1.12)

>4000

12, 942 (22.9 %)

227, 028 (22.2 %)

1.18 (0.84–1.65)

Annual hospital cesarean delivery frequency (%):

<20

9698 (17.2 %)

103, 493 (10.1 %)

Reference

20–24

13, 686 (24.3 %)

194, 484 (19.0 %)

0.75 (0.62–0.90)

25–29

16, 345 (29.0 %)

292, 255 (28.6 %)

0.60 (0.49–0.73)

30–34

9736 (17.3 %)

217, 125 (21.2 %)

0.48 (0.37–0.64)

> = 35

6943 (12.3 %)

215, 810 (21.1 %)

0.35 (0.29–0.43)

  1. ECV = External Cephalic Version; IUGR = Intrauterine growth retardation
  2. Adjusted for all characteristics in the table; All percentages weighted. Note age is missing for 690 patients and primary payer for 2481 patients. The odds presented are the odds of having successful external cephalic version versus persistent breech delivery
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