Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the research population
GDM | NGT | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
Number | 276 | 1270 | |
Age (mean ± SD) | 31.85±4.24 | 29.42±3.82 | <0.001 |
Parity (%) | 0.002 | ||
Nullipara | 234(84.7) | 969(76.2) | |
Multipara | 42(15.2) | 301(23.7) | |
Maternal BMI (kg/m2) | |||
Before pregnancy | 21.20±3.00 | 20.47±2.60 | <0.001 |
At first prenatal visit | 22.60±3.26 | 21.63±2.80 | <0.001 |
At OGTT test | 24.46±3.09 | 23.65±2.65 | <0.001 |
At delivery | 25.76±3.16 | 26.04±2.87 | 0.195 |
Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L) | |||
First Visit FPG | 4.46±0.51 | 4.27±0.38 | <0.001 |
OGTT FPG | 4.61±0.53 | 4.27±0.31 | <0.001 |
Before Delivery FPG | 5.22±1.29 | 4.90±0.99 | <0.001 |
HbA1c (%) | 5.04±0.42 | 4.82±0.31 | <0.001 |
HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 31.83±4.63 | 29.37±3.42 | <0.001 |
Lipid profile | |||
Triglyceride (mmol/L) | 2.31±0.84 | 2.09±0.76 | <0.001 |
Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 6.09±1.02 | 6.11±0.99 | 0.754 |
Low density lipoprotein (mmol/L) | 3.26±0.86 | 3.30±0.81 | 0.452 |
High density lipoprotein (mmol/L) | 1.82±0.35 | 1.85±0.33 | 0.117 |
Apolipoprotein A1 (g/L) | 2.05±0.31 | 2.01±0.34 | 0.103 |
Apolipoprotein B (g/L) | 0.94±0.17 | 0.94±0.18 | 0.820 |
Apolipoprotein E (mg/L) | 48.32±13.28 | 46.66±12.67 | 0.050 |
Lipoprotein-a (mg/L) | 298.70±300.33 | 307.35±265.39 | 0.632 |
Neonatal gender (%) | 0.947 | ||
Male | 143(51.8) | 969(76.2) | |
Female | 133(48.1) | 301(23.7) | |
Gestational age (day) | 271.33±11.70 | 273.94±11.91 | <0.001 |
Birth weight (g) | 3105.49±496.54 | 3165.55±460.05 | 0.063 |
Birth length (cm) | 48.96±2.63 | 49.33±2.39 | 0.022 |
head circumference (cm) | 33.27±1.98 | 33.35±1.73 | 0.583 |
shoulder circumference (cm) | 34.33±2.52 | 34.45±2.32 | 0.482 |
Birth method (%) | 0.549 | ||
Vaginal | 121(43.8) | 584(45.9) | |
Cesarean | 155(56.1) | 686(54) |