Table 3 Low Birth Weight overall and for HIV + ve only
From: Improved pregnancy outcomes with increasing antiretroviral coverage in South Africa
All women | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bivariate | Multivariable v | |||||
Variable | Normal BW i (≥2500 g): n (% ii) | LBW (<2500 g): n (%) | p-value iii | 0R iv (95 % CI) | 0R (95 % CI) | Adj. p-value |
Year | ||||||
2011 | 3846 (88.03) | 523 (11.97) | 0.238 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | |
2014 | 4779 (87.24) | 699 (12.76) | 1.08 (0.95–1.21) | 1.26 (1.08–1.46) | 0.003 | |
Age Category | ||||||
< 18 | 717 (86.7) | 110 (13.3) | 0.82 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | |
18–24 | 3825 (87.81) | 531 (12.19) | 0.9 (0.73–1.13) | 0.85 (0.68–1.07) | 0.166 | |
25–34 | 3203 (87.47) | 459 (12.53) | 0.93 (0.75–1.17) | 0.84 (0.66–1.06) | 0.134 | |
> 34 | 779 (87.23) | 114 (12.77) | 0.95 (0.72–1.26) | 0.85 (0.63–1.13) | 0.264 | |
Mode of Delivery | ||||||
Vaginal | 5941 (88.88) | 743 (11.12) | <0.001 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | |
Emergency Caesarean | 1230 (84.42) | 227 (15.58) | 1.48 (1.26–1.73) | 1.72 (1.42–2.07) | <0.001 | |
Planned Caesarean | 1440 (85.26) | 249 (14.74) | 1.38 (1.18–1.61) | 1.32 (1.12–1.55) | 0.001 | |
HIV | ||||||
Negative | 5265 (89) | 651 (11) | <0.001 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | |
Positive | 3221 (86.52) | 502 (13.48) | 1.26 (1.11–1.43) | 1.26 (1.11–1.44) | 0.001 | |
Unbooked | 133 (66.5) | 67 (33.5) | 4.07 (3–5.53) | 4.28 (3.15–5.82) | <0.001 | |
HIV + ve women only | ||||||
Bivariate | Multivariable iv | |||||
Variable | Normal BW (≥2500 g) : n (%) | LBW (<2500 g): n (%) | p-value | 0R (95 % CI) | 0R (95 % CI) | Adj. p-value |
Year | ||||||
2011 | 1416 (87.52) | 202 (12.48) | 0.118 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | |
2014 | 1805 (85.75) | 300 (14.25) | 1.17 (0.96–1.41) | 0.65 (0.24–1.79) | 0.407 | |
Age Category | ||||||
< 18 | 80 (86.02) | 13 (13.98) | 0.187 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | |
18–24 | 1050 (88.31) | 139 (11.69) | 0.81 (0.44–1.5) | 1.68 (0.22–13.06) | 0.618 | |
25–34 | 1631 (85.71) | 272 (14.29) | 1.03 (0.56–1.87) | 2.11 (0.28–16.2) | 0.472 | |
> 34 | 431 (85.52) | 73 (14.48) | 1.04 (0.55–1.97) | 1.84 (0.22–15.15) | 0.569 | |
Mode of Delivery | ||||||
Vaginal | 2177 (88.1) | 294 (11.9) | <0.001 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | |
Emergency Caesarean | 472 (83.84) | 91 (16.16) | 1.43 (1.11–1.84) | 2.09 (1.32–3.31) | 0.002 | |
Planned Caesarean | 564 (83.06) | 115 (16.94) | 1.51 (1.19–1.91) | 1.19 (0.64–2.21) | 0.58 | |
CD4 category | ||||||
> 500 | 300 (87.98) | 41 (12.02) | 0.095 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | |
351–500 | 317 (92.42) | 26 (7.58) | 0.6 (0.36–1.01) | 0.54 (0.31–0.92) | 0.025 | |
201–350 | 300 (88.76) | 38 (11.24) | 0.93 (0.58–1.48) | 0.91 (0.54–1.52) | 0.718 | |
< 200 | 151 (85.8) | 25 (14.2) | 1.21 (0.71–2.07) | 0.94 (0.51–1.72) | 0.84 | |
ART regimen | ||||||
Nil ARVs | 114 (77.03) | 34 (22.97) | <0.001 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | |
AZT/NVP i, ii | 877 (90.04) | 97 (9.96) | 0.37 (0.24–0.57) | 0.06 (0.02–0.18) | <0.001 | |
D4T/3TC/NVP iii | 768 (84.67) | 139 (15.33) | 0.61 (0.4–0.93) | 0.09 (0.03–0.24) | <0.001 | |
EFV/TDF/FTC | 1442 (86.55) | 224 (13.45) | 0.52 (0.35–0.78) | 0.12 (0.04–0.37) | <0.001 | |