Table 1 Stillbirth outcome overall and for HIV + ve only
From: Improved pregnancy outcomes with increasing antiretroviral coverage in South Africa
All women | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bivariate | Multivariable iv | |||||
Variable | Live births: n (% i) | Stillbirths: n (%) | p-value ii | 0R iii (95 % CI) | 0R (95 % CI) | Adj. p-value |
Year | ||||||
2011 | 4226 (96.73) | 143 (3.27) | 0.006 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | |
2014 | 5349 (97.65) | 129 (2.35) | 0.71 (0.56–0.91) | 0.74 (0.56–0.97) | 0.03 | |
Age Category | ||||||
< 18 | 812 (98.19) | 15 (1.81) | 0.045 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | |
18–24 | 4248 (97.52) | 108 (2.48) | 1.38 (0.8–2.37) | 1.37 (0.79–2.38) | 0.26 | |
25–34 | 3544 (96.78) | 118 (3.22) | 1.8 (1.05–3.1) | 1.86 (1.06–3.25) | 0.03 | |
> 34 | 863 (96.64) | 30 (3.36) | 1.88 (1.01–3.52) | 1.99 (1.04–3.81) | 0.037 | |
Mode of Delivery | ||||||
Vaginal | 6480 (96.95) | 204 (3.05) | 0.006 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | |
Emergency Caesarean | 1420 (97.46) | 37 (2.54) | 0.83 (0.58–1.18) | 0.71 (0.48–1.04) | 0.08 | |
Planned Caesarean | 1661 (98.34) | 28 (1.66) | 0.54 (0.36–0.8) | 0.58 (0.39–0.88) | 0.01 | |
HIV | ||||||
Negative | 5786 (97.8) | 130 (2.2) | <0.001 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | |
Positive | 3607 (96.88) | 116 (3.12) | 1.43 (1.11–1.84) | 1.26 (0.97–1.65) | 0.088 | |
Unregistered Antenatal | 175 (87.5) | 25 (12.5) | 6.36 (4.04–10.01) | 6.1 (3.86–9.64) | <0.001 | |
HIV + ve women only | ||||||
Bivariate | Multivariable iv | |||||
Variable | Live births: n (%) | Stillbirths: n (%) | p-value | 0R (95 % CI) | 0R (95 % CI) | Adj. p-value |
Year | ||||||
2011 | 1559 (96.35) | 59 (3.65) | 0.102 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | |
2014 | 2048 (97.29) | 57 (2.71) | 0.74 (0.51–1.06) | 0.52 (0.27–0.97) | 0.041 | |
Age Category | ||||||
< 18 | 89 (95.7) | 4 (4.3) | 0.018 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | |
18–24 | 1167 (98.15) | 22 (1.85) | 0.42 (0.14–1.24) | 0.79 (0.18–3.5) | 0.759 | |
25–34 | 1830 (96.16) | 73 (3.84) | 0.89 (0.32–2.48) | 1.71 (0.41–7.24) | 0.463 | |
> 34 | 488 (96.83) | 16 (3.17) | 0.73 (0.24–2.23) | 1.41 (0.31–6.4) | 0.66 | |
Mode of Delivery | ||||||
Vaginal | 2385 (96.52) | 86 (3.48) | 0.093 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | |
Emergency Caesarean | 548 (97.34) | 15 (2.66) | 0.76 (0.44–1.32) | 0.75 (0.4–1.39) | 0.362 | |
Planned Caesarean | 666 (98.09) | 13 (1.91) | 0.54 (0.3–0.98) | 0.57 (0.31–1.06) | 0.074 | |
CD4 category | ||||||
> 500 | 333 (97.65) | 8 (2.35) | 0.047 | 1 (ref) | Excluded as co-linear with ART regimen | |
351–500 | 341 (99.42) | 2 (0.58) | 0.24 (0.05–1.16) | |||
201–350 | 327 (96.75) | 11 (3.25) | 1.4 (0.56–3.53) | |||
< 200 | 169 (96.02) | 7 (3.98) | 1.72 (0.61–4.83) | |||
ART regimen | ||||||
Nil ARVs | 128 (86.49) | 20 (13.51) | <0.001 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | |
AZT/NVP | 957 (98.25) | 17 (1.75) | 0.11 (0.06–0.22) | 0.08 (0.04–0.16) | <0.001 | |
D4T/3TC/NVP | 869 (95.81) | 38 (4.19) | 0.28 (0.16–0.5) | 0.2 (0.11–0.38) | <0.001 | |
EFV/TDF/FTC | 1629 (97.78) | 37 (2.22) | 0.15 (0.08–0.26) | 0.18 (0.1–0.34) | <0.001 | |