Table 2 The policies guiding mothers’ care during the second stage of labor

Perineal massage education during the second stage of labor

 almost all cases

10 (8.5)

5 (7.6)

15 (21.1)

.056

 depending on the case

39 (33.1)

19 (28.8)

22 (31.0)

 not implemented

69 (58.5)

42 (63.6)

34 (47.9)

 not stated

0

0

0

Active birth during the second stage of labor

 implemented

65 (56.0)

21 (31.8)

68 (100)

<.001

 not implemented

51 (44.0)

45 (68.2)

0

 not stated

2

0

3

Active birth at delivery

 implemented

36 (31.0)

11 (16.7)

61 (89.7)

<.001

 not implemented

80 (69.0)

55 (83.3)

7 (10.3)

 not stated

2

0

3

Water birth

 implemented

1 (0.9)

2 (3.0)

24 (34.3)

<.001

 not implemented

115 (99.1)

64 (97.0)

46 (65.7)

 not stated

2

0

1

Applying warm compress to the perineum

 almost all cases

2 (1.7)

0

8 (11.4)

<.001

 depending on the case

30 (25.6)

13 (20.0)

35 (50.0)

 not implemented

85 (72.6)

52 (80.0)

27 (38.6)

 not stated

1

1

1

Valsalva during pushing

 almost all cases

44 (37.9)

33 (50.0)

7 (10.0)

<.001

 depending on the case

69 (59.5)

30 (45.5)

47 (67.1)

 not implemented

3 (2.6)

3 (4.5)

16 (22.9)

 not stated

2

0

1

Hands-on technique to support fetal expulsion

 almost all cases

104 (89.7)

57 (87.7)

38 (54.3)

<.001

 depending on the case

11 (9.5)

7 (10.8)

24 (34.3)

 not implemented

1 (0.9)

1 (1.5)

8 (11.4)

 not stated

2

1

1

Perineal disinfection

 implemented

110 (94.0)

56 (84.8)

51 (72.9)

<.001

 not implemented

7 (6.0)

10 (15.2)

19 (27.1)

 not stated

1

0

1

Episiotomy for primiparas

 almost all cases

24 (20.7)

16 (24.6)

1 (1.5)

<.001

 depending on the case

91 (78.4)

43 (66.2)

3 (4.4)

 not implemented

1 (0.9)

6 (9.2)

64 (94.1)

 not stated

2

1

3

Episiotomy for multiparas

 almost all cases

2 (1.7)

0

0

<.001

 depending on the case

109 (94.0)

57 (87.7)

0

 not implemented

5 (4.3)

8 (12.3)

68 (100)

 not stated

2

1

3

Fundal pressure during the second stage of labor

 almost all cases

1 (0.9)

0

0

<.001

 depending on the case

106 (91.4)

54 (83.1)

22 (32.4)

 not implemented

9 (7.8)

11 (16.9)

46 (67.6)

 not stated

2

1

3

Hands and knees position for correcting fetal abnormal rotation

 almost all cases

10 (8.6)

5 (7.9)

16 (23.2)

<.001

 depending on the case

63 (54.3)

21 (33.3)

34 (49.3)

 not implemented

43 (37.1)

37 (58.7)

19 (27.5)

 not stated

2

3

2