Table 2 Descriptive vitamin D at inclusion (gestational week 15) and at gestational week 28. Crude mean (SD) Vitamin D [25(OH)D in nmol/l] levels according to potential explanatory factors
From: Vitamin D deficiency and supplementation in pregnancy in a multiethnic population-based cohort
At inclusion | At gestational week 28 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
n = 748 | n = 748 | |||
Mean | (SD) | Mean | (SD) | |
Overall mean 25(OH)D | 50 | (27) | 59 | (29) |
Age at inclusion | ||||
≤30 years | 47 | (25) | 55 | (27) |
>30 years | 54 | (28) | 62 | (30) |
Parity (Para 0 ref) | 53 | (26) | 61 | (29) |
Para 1 | 52 | (28) | 59 | (27) |
Para ≥2 | 42 | (25) | 52 | (30) |
Western Europe (ref) | 69 | (24) | 72 | (28) |
South Asia | 32 | (19) | 46 | (23) |
Middle East | 34 | (20) | 51 | (29) |
Sub-Saharan Africa | 38 | (18) | 45 | (25) |
East Asia | 51 | (17) | 53 | (19) |
Other | 56 | (21) | 63 | (26) |
Season of blood sample | ||||
Summer | 56 | (29) | 60 | (29) |
Winter | 46 | (24) | 57 | (27) |
Education level (>12 years ref) | 60 | (27) | 67 | (27) |
10-12 years | 46 | (25) | 56 | (29) |
<10 years | 37 | (20) | 44 | (23) |
Vitamin D supplements | ||||
≥10 μga | 57 | (26) | 61 | (28) |
No or <10 μg | 42 | (26) | 53 | (29) |
Pre-pregnancy BMI; kg/m2 (normal weight (<25) ref) | 51 | (27) | 59 | (29) |
Overweight (≥25/<30) | 51 | (27) | 61 | (31) |
Obesity (≥30) | 48 | (24) | 54 | (24) |