Table 1 Characteristics of the total cohort of pregnant women at inclusion and at gestational week 28 stratified by geographic region. Numbers are frequencies (%) and means (SD)
From: Vitamin D deficiency and supplementation in pregnancy in a multiethnic population-based cohort
Total | Western Europea | South Asia | Middle East | Sub-Saharan Africa | East Asia | Other | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n = 748 | n = 304 | n = 189 | n = 113 | n = 51 | n = 40 | n = 51 | ||||||||
100 % | 41 % | 25 % | 15 % | 6.8 % | 5.3 % | 6.8 % | ||||||||
Pre-pregnancy maternal status | ||||||||||||||
Years of maternal age; mean (SD) | 29.9 (4.9) | 30.9 (4.5) | 28.7 (4.5) | 29.6 (5.5) | 28.1 (5.2) | 31.1 (4.5) | 29.3 (5.1) | |||||||
Parity; n (%) | ||||||||||||||
Para 0 | 340 (46) | 156 (51) | 78 (41) | 39 (35) | 22 (43) | 17 (42) | 28 (55) | |||||||
Para 1 | 259 (34) | 113 (37) | 63 (33) | 39 (35) | 11 (22) | 16 (40) | 17 (33) | |||||||
Para ≥2 | 149 (20) | 35 (12) | 48 (25) | 35 (30) | 18 (35) | 7 (18) | 6 (12) | |||||||
ᅟEducation level; n (%)b | ||||||||||||||
ᅟᅟ<10 years | 119 (16) | 10 (3.3) | 33 (18) | 41 (36) | 22 (43) | 8 (20) | 5 (9.8) | |||||||
ᅟᅟ10-12 years | 296 (40) | 93 (30) | 95 (50) | 51 (45) | 22 (43) | 16 (40) | 19 (37) | |||||||
ᅟᅟ>12 years | 327 (44) | 199 (66) | 60 (32) | 19 (17) | 7 (14) | 16 (40) | 26 (51) | |||||||
ᅟPre-pregnancy BMIb (kg/m2); mean (SD) | 24.6 (4.8) | 24.6 (4.8) | 23.7 (4.1) | 25.8 (5.0) | 26.1 (6.1) | 22.2 (3.4) | 24.9 (5.4) | |||||||
Status at inclusion | ||||||||||||||
ᅟGestational week; mean (SD) | 15.4 (3.6) | 14.5 (2.4) | 15.9 (4.1) | 15.6 (3.3) | 17.9 (5.4) | 16.4 (4.3) | 15.5 (3.4) | |||||||
ᅟSeason of blood sample; n (%) | ||||||||||||||
ᅟᅟWinter | 395 (53) | 158 (52) | 92 (49) | 70 (62) | 32 (63) | 22 (55) | 21 (41) | |||||||
ᅟVitamin D supplements; n (%)b | ||||||||||||||
ᅟᅟNo or <10 μg daily past two weeks | 307 (41) | 104 (34) | 93 (49) | 55 (49) | 25 (49) | 12 (30) | 18 (35) | |||||||
Status at gestational week 28 | ||||||||||||||
ᅟGestational week; mean (SD) | 28.8 (1.4) | 28.7 (1.3) | 28.7 (1.4) | 29.0 (1.6) | 29.0 (1.5) | 28.7 (1.2) | 29.0 (1.7) | |||||||
ᅟWeight gain (week 28 minus 15); mean (SD) | 6.6 (3.2) | 6.7 (2.7) | 6.5 (3.3) | 6.7 (3.6) | 4.6 (3.0) | 6.2 (2.5) | 8.0 (3.9) | |||||||
ᅟSeason of blood sample; n (%) | ||||||||||||||
ᅟᅟWinter | 410 (55) | 178 (59) | 97 (51) | 65 (57) | 28 (55) | 17 (57) | 25 (49) | |||||||
ᅟVitamin D supplements; n (%)b | ||||||||||||||
ᅟᅟNo or <10 μg daily past two weeks | 243 (33) | 115 (38) | 41 (22) | 37 (33) | 20 (40) | 14 (35) | 16 (31) | |||||||