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Table 2 Prevalence and odds ratios of elective caesarean, intrapartum caesarean section and forceps or vacuum extraction by birthweight

From: Searching for the definition of macrosomia through an outcome-based approach in low- and middle-income countries: a secondary analysis of the WHO Global Survey in Africa, Asia and Latin America

Birthweight (g)

 

Elective caesarean section

Intrapartum caesarean section

Forceps extraction or vacuum extraction

N

Prevalence (%)

Adjusted OR (95 % CI)a

p value

Prevalence (%)

Adjusted OR (95 % CI)a

p value

Prevalence (%)

Adjusted OR (95 % CI)a

p value

Africa

67546

         

 3000–3499

28788

1.9

1 · 00

5 · 8

1 · 00

1 · 8

1 · 00

 3500–3999

15824

2.3

1.19 (1.03, 1.39)

0.0196

6 · 4

1 · 27 (1 · 16, 1 · 38)

<0 · 0001

2 · 4

1 · 22 (1 · 05, 1 · 41)

0 · 0094

 4000–4099

2154

2.1

1.14 (0.79, 1.63)

0.4824

9 · 0

2 · 00 (1 · 68, 2 · 39)

<0 · 0001

2 · 9

1 · 81 (1 · 35, 2 · 44)

0 · 0001

 4100–4199

670

4.2

1.96 (1.25, 3.07)

0.0032

8 · 1

1 · 87 (1 · 38, 2 · 53)

0 · 0001

3 · 4

1 · 64 (1 · 03, 2 · 6)

0 · 0358

 4200–4299

686

5.0

2.61 (1.72, 3.96)

<0 · 0001

9 · 6

2 · 36 (1 · 78, 3 · 12)

<0 · 0001

2 · 2

1 · 09 (0 · 63, 1 · 88)

0 · 7618

 4300–4399

377

2.0

0.83 (0.36, 1.93)

0.6687

10 · 6

2 · 39 (1 · 67, 3 · 42)

<0 · 0001

2 · 7

0 · 98 (0 · 50, 1 · 92)

0 · 9555

 4400–4499

239

5.7

3.26 (1.67, 6.34)

0.0005

8 · 8

2 · 48 (1 · 52, 4 · 04)

0 · 0003

3 · 3

1 · 84 (0 · 86, 3 · 93)

0 · 1131

 4500–4999

648

6.3

3.62 (2.40, 5.46)

<0 · 0001

13 · 0

3 · 78 (2 · 90, 4 · 92)

<0 · 0001

3 · 7

2 · 17 (1 · 37, 3 · 42)

0 · 0009

  ≥ 5000

146

5.0

2.99 (1.12, 7.95)

0.0287

14 · 4

5 · 11 (3 · 00, 8 · 72)

<0 · 0001

8 · 9

8 · 34 (4 · 22, 16 · 5)

<0 · 0001

Asia

91595

         

 3000–3499

36479

11.8

1 · 00

13 · 2

1 · 00

2 · 7

1 · 00

 3500–3999

13539

18.3

1.36 (1.27, 1.47)

<0 · 0001

18 · 6

1 · 44 (1 · 36, 1 · 53)

<0 · 0001

2 · 6

1 · 27 (1 · 12, 1 · 45)

0 · 0003

 4000–4099

945

31.6

2.33 (1.90, 2.86)

<0 · 0001

24 · 1

2 · 42 (2 · 02, 2 · 89)

<0 · 0001

2 · 1

1 · 64 (1 · 02, 2 · 64)

0 · 0413

 4100–4199

492

34.8

2.32 (1.76, 3.07)

<0 · 0001

26 · 6

2 · 61 (2 · 05, 3 · 33)

<0 · 0001

2 · 2

1 · 69 (0 · 87, 3 · 29)

0 · 1195

 4200–4299

320

40.3

3.19 (2.28, 4.47)

<0 · 0001

28 · 1

3 · 79 (2 · 77, 5 · 18)

<0 · 0001

3 · 1

2 · 73 (1 · 37, 5 · 46)

0 · 0045

 4300–4399

183

40.5

2.63 (1.70, 4.07)

<0 · 0001

30 · 1

3 · 29 (2 · 22, 4 · 88)

<0 · 0001

2 · 2

2 · 56 (0 · 87, 7 · 55)

0 · 0884

 4400–4499

101

47.6

3.45 (1.90, 6.25)

<0 · 0001

29 · 7

4 · 13 (2 · 38, 7 · 15)

<0 · 0001

2 · 0

1 · 92 (0 · 42, 8 · 67)

0 · 3969

 4500–4999

200

50.0

5.48 (3.45, 8.70)

<0 · 0001

30 · 0

5 · 20 (3 · 45, 7 · 83)

<0 · 0001

2 · 0

2 · 47 (0 · 81, 7 · 57)

0 · 1124

  ≥ 5000

52

40.0

4.20 (1.71, 10.34)

0.0018

32 · 7

9 · 44 (3 · 99, 22 · 35)

<0 · 0001

1 · 9

2 · 38 (0 · 3, 18 · 81)

0 · 4113

Latin America

87518

         

 3000–3499

38930

15.3

1 · 00

11 · 2

1 · 00

1 · 2

1 · 00

 3500–3999

20875

16.9

1.19 (1.13, 1.26)

<0 · 0001

14 · 0

1 · 28 (1 · 21, 1 · 35)

<0 · 0001

1 · 5

1 · 51 (1 · 30, 1 · 77)

<0 · 0001

 4000–4099

1675

21.7

1.64 (1.40, 1.91)

<0 · 0001

18 · 1

2 · 01 (1 · 74, 2 · 33)

<0 · 0001

0 · 7

0 · 80 (0 · 43, 1 · 48)

0 · 4699

 4100–4199

1020

23.0

1.92 (1.58, 2.34)

<0 · 0001

19 · 1

2 · 19 (1 · 83, 2 · 62)

<0 · 0001

1 · 3

1 · 45 (0 · 79, 2 · 65)

0 · 2318

 4200–4299

757

25.1

2.01 (1.60, 2.51)

<0 · 0001

21 · 7

2 · 48 (2 · 03, 3 · 03)

<0 · 0001

1 · 5

1 · 88 (0 · 99, 3 · 58)

0 · 0551

 4300–4399

466

22.6

1.95 (1.45, 2.61)

<0 · 0001

24 · 4

3 · 00 (2 · 35, 3 · 84)

<0 · 0001

0 · 9

0 · 90 (0 · 32, 2 · 50)

0 · 8354

 4400–4499

281

28.7

2.59 (1.83, 3.66)

<0 · 0001

19 · 6

2 · 66 (1 · 89, 3 · 73)

<0 · 0001

1 · 1

1 · 81 (0 · 55, 5 · 94)

0 · 3257

 4500–4999

569

38.1

3.66 (2.87, 4.68)

<0 · 0001

23 · 8

4 · 17 (3 · 29, 5 · 3)

<0 · 0001

1 · 1

1 · 98 (0 · 84, 4 · 63)

0 · 1163

  ≥ 5000

55

35.3

3.54 (1.67, 7.53)

0.0010

20 · 0

3 · 13 (1 · 43, 6 · 85)

0 · 0045

3 · 6

4 · 64 (0 · 95, 22 · 64)

0 · 0579

  1. aAll estimates were based on two-level logistic regression models. Facilities represent units at level two and individuals within facilities are observations at level one. We adjusted for country, maternal age, marital status, education (total years of school attendance), obesity, diabetes, parity, infant sex, and gestational age