Fig. 3

Primary research strategies for identification of genetic variants across the allele frequency spectrum (adopted from [27]). Genome-wide linkage studies are well suited to identification of genetic variants with allele frequencies below 0.3 % with large effect sizes (OR > 5). Targeted resequencing often leads to identification of genetic variants with allele frequencies between 0.3 and 5 % with moderate effect sizes (2 < OR < 5), but may also be used to identify rare variants with large effects and common variants with modest effects. Traditional GWAS is suited to identification of common genetic variants with modest effect sizes (OR < 2)