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Table 1 Factors related to nausea and treatment of nausea

From: Treatment of nausea in pregnancy: a cross-sectional multinational web-based study of pregnant women and new mothers

 

Total population

Total Nausea

Crude OR (95 % CI)

Adjusted OR (95 % CI)b

Nausea, conventional medicines against nausea

Crude OR (95 % CI)

Adjusted OR (95 % CI)b

Nausea, conventional medicines against nausea vs. Nausea, no treatmentc

Nausea, conventional medicines against nausea vs. Nausea, no treatmentc

n = 9113 (% of 9113)

n = 6701 (% of total in row)

Nausea vs. no nausea

Nausea vs. no nausea

n = 1201 (% of total nausea in row)

Age, years

 

 ≤24

1413 (15.5)

1053 (74.5)

1.1 (1.0-1.2)

1.2 (1.0-1.3)

183 (17.4)

0.9 (0.7-1.2)

0.9 (0.6-1.2)

 25-29

3061 (33.6)

2236 (73.0)

1

1

417 (18.6)

1

1

 30-34

2939 (32.3)

2191 (74.5)

1.1 (1.0-1.2)

1.0 (0.9-1.2)

399 (18.2)

1.0 (0.8-1.2)

1.0 (0.7-1.3)

 ≥35

1630 (17.9)

1162 (71.3)

0.9 (0.7-1.2)

0.8 (0.6-1.1)

185 (15.9)

0.8 (0.7-1.0)

0.9 (0.7-1.0)

Marital status

 

 Married/cohabiting

8578 (94.1)

6322 (73.7)

1

1

1137 (18.0)

1

1

 Single/divorced/other

535 (5.9)

379 (70.8)

0.9 (0.8-0.9)

0.9 (0.9-1.0)

64 (16.9)

0.9 (0.8-1.1)

0.9 (0.6-1.2)

Parity

 

 0 previous live births

4602 (50.5)

3211 (69.8)

1

1

571 (17.8)

1

1

 ≥1 previous live births

4511 (49.5)

3490 (77.4)

1.5 (1.4-1.6)

1.5 (1.3-1.7)

630 (18.1)

1.0 (0.7-1.4)

1.0 (0.7-1.4)

Education

 

 Primary school

380 (4.2)

288 (75.8)

1.2 (0.9-1.6)

1.2 (0.8-1.8)

74 (25.7)

1.6 (1.2-2.1)

1.5 (1.1-2.3)

 High school

2574 (28.2)

1901 (73.9)

1.0 (0.9-1.3)

1.1 (0.8-1.4)

309 (16.3)

0.9 (0.8-1.0)

0.9 (0.8-1.1)

 University or college

5120 (56.2)

3738 (73.0)

1

1

657 (17.6)

1

1

 Other education

1039 (11.4)

774 (74.5)

1.1 (1.0-1.2)

1.1 (0.9-1.3)

161 (20.8)

1.2 (1.0-1.6)

1.2 (1.0-1.6)

Working status

 

 Employed, but not as health care personnel

5417 (59.4)

3874 (71.5)

1

1

629 (16.2)

1

1

 Health care personnel

1236 (13.6)

961 (77.8)

1.4 (1.2-1.7)

1.3 (1.1-1.6)

216 (22.5)

1.4 (1.2-1.7)

1.4 (1.2-1.6)

 Unemployed

1991 (21.8)

1536 (77.1)

1.3 (1.2-1.5)

1.3 (1.2-1.4)

292 (19.0)

1.2 (1.0-1.3)

1.2 (1.0-1.5)

 Other

457 (5.0)

323 (70.7)

1.0 (0.9-1.0)

0.9 (0.9-1.0)

62 (19.2)

1.2 (1.0-1.5)

1.1 (0.9-1.3)

Use of folic acid

 

 Before the pregnancy

311 (3.4)

237 (76.2)

1.0 (0.9-1.2)

1.0 (0.9-1.2)

58 (24.5)

1.5 (1.3-1.9)

1.6 (1.3-1.9)

 Before and during pregnancy

4077 (44.7)

3072 (75.3)

1

1

552 (18.0)

1

1

 Only during pregnancy

3929 (43.1)

2821 (71.8)

0.8 (0.7-1.0)

0.8 (0.7-1.0)

488 (17.3)

0.9 (0.8-1.1)

0.9 (0.8-1.1)

 No

716 (7.9)

517 (72.2)

0.9 (0.7-1.1)

0.8 (0.7-1.1)

93 (18.0)

1.0 (0.6-1.7)

1.0 (0.6-1.7)

Smoking during pregnancy

 

 No

8227 (90.3)

6125 (74.4)

1

1

1092 (17.8)

1

1

 Yes

864 (9.5)

560 (64.8)

0.6 (0.6-0.7)

0.6 (0.5-0.7)

105 (18.8)

1.0 (0.8-1.3)

1.0 (0.8-1.3)

Pregnant population

n = 4938 (% of 4938)

n = 3762 (% of total in row)

 

Adjusted OR (95 % CI) d

n = 657 (% of total nausea in row)

 

Adjusted OR (95 % CI) d

Multiple pregnancya

       

 No

4817 (97.5)

3667 (76.1)

1

1

636 (17.3)

1

1

 Yes

76 (1.5)

65 (85.5)

1.9 (0.8-4.5)

2.0 (0.8-4.9)

17 (26.2)

1.6 (1.1-2.3)

1.6 (1.1-2.4)

  1. Numbers do not add up due to missing numbers
  2. Significant findings are in bold
  3. Abbreviations: OR odds ratio; CI confidence interval
  4. aThis question was only posed to pregnant women (n = 4938). Only pregnant women are included in the analysis
  5. bAdjusted for all other variables in the table with the exception of “multiple pregnancy”
  6. cNausea, no treatment includes women with nausea not using any of the following treatments against nausea: conventional medicines, herbal medicines, homeopathic medicines and dietary supplements
  7. dOnly pregnant women are included in the analysis. Variables included in the model: age, marital status, parity, education, working status, use of folic acid, and smoking
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