Table 3 Comparison of questionnaire to prescription redemption database, by therapeutic class, Sensitivity, Specificity, Positive Predictive Value, Negative Predictive Value, with 95 % confidence interval
Therapeutic class | ATCa | Sensitivity | 95 % CIb | Specificity | 95 % CIb | PPVc | 95 % CIb | NPVd | 95 % CIb | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alimentary tract and metabolism | |||||||||||
Medications for acid related disorders | A02 | 0.15 | 0.13; 0.18 | 0.98 | 0.96; 0.98 | 0.37 | 0.22; 0.56 | 0.92 | 0.90; 0.94 | ||
Antacids | A02A | 0.18 | 0.15; 0.21 | 0.98 | 0.97; 0.99 | 0.24 | 0.11; 0.45 | 0.97 | 0.95; 0.98 | ||
Medications for peptic ulcer and gastro-oesophageal reflux | A02B | 0.10 | 0.08; 0.12 | 1.00 | 0.99; 1.00 | 0.57 | 0.25; 0.84 | 0.95 | 0.93; 0.96 | ||
Medications for functional gastrointestinal disorders | A03 | - | - | - | 0.98 | 0.97; 0.99 | 0.00 | 0.00; 0.24 | 1.00 | 0.99; 1.00 | |
Bile and liver therapy | A05 | 0.33 | 0.30; 0.37 | 1.00 | 0.99; 1.00 | 0.50 | 0.09; 0.91 | 1.00 | 0.99; 1.00 | ||
Laxatives and antidiarrheals | A06 | 0.00 | - | - | 0.99 | 0.99; 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.00; 0.49 | 1.00 | 0.99; 1.00 | |
Insulin | A10A | 0.33 | 0.30; 0.37 | 1.00 | 1.00; 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.21; 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.99; 1.00 | ||
Vitamins and mineral supplements | A11, A12 | 0.00 | - | - | 0.98 | 0.96; 0.99 | 0.00 | 0.00; 0.18 | 0.99 | 0.98; 1.00 | |
Blood and blood forming organs | |||||||||||
Antithrombotic agents | B01 | 0.61 | 0.57; 0.64 | 0.99 | 0.99; 1.00 | 0.83 | 0.64; 0.93 | 0.98 | 0.97; 0.99 | ||
Heparins | B01AB | 0.50 | 0.46; 0.54 | 1.00 | 0.99; 1.00 | 0.86 | 0.60; 0.96 | 0.98 | 0.97; 0.99 | ||
Platelet aggregation inhibitors | B01AC | 0.83 | 0.81; 0.86 | 0.99 | 0.99; 1.00 | 0.71 | 0.45; 0.88 | 1.00 | 0.99; 1.00 | ||
Antihemorrhagics | B02 | 0.00 | - | - | 1.00 | 0.99; 1.00 | - | - | - | 0.99 | 0.98; 1.00 |
Iron | B03A | 0.60 | 0.56; 0.63 | 0.88 | 0.85; 0.90 | 0.66 | 0.59; 0.72 | 0.84 | 0.81; 0.87 | ||
Folic acid | B03B | 0.44 | 0.41; 0.48 | 0.68 | 0.65; 0.71 | 0.36 | 0.30; 0.42 | 0.75 | 0.71; 0.79 | ||
Solutions | B05BB | 0.00 | - | - | 1.00 | 1.00; 1.00 | - | - | - | 1.00 | 0.99; 1.00 |
Cardiovascular system | |||||||||||
Antihypertensive medications | C02, C07, C08, C09A | 0.75 | 0.72; 0.78 | 1.00 | 1.00; 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.61; 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.99; 1.00 | ||
Methyldopa | C02 | 0.00 | - | - | 1.00 | 1.00; 1.00 | - | - | - | 1.00 | 0.99; 1.00 |
Beta-blocking agents | C07 | 1.00 | 1.00; 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00; 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.44; 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.99; 1.00 | ||
Calcium channel blockers | C08 | 0.71 | 0.68; 0.75 | 1.00 | 1.00; 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.57; 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.99; 1.00 | ||
Ace inhibitors | C09A | 0.00 | - | - | 1.00 | 1.00; 1.00 | - | - | - | 1.00 | 0.99; 1.00 |
Lipid modifying agents | C10A | 0.00 | - | - | 1.00 | 1.00; 1.00 | - | - | - | 1.00 | 0.99; 1.00 |
Diuretics | C03 | 0.00 | - | - | 1.00 | 1.00; 1.00 | - | - | - | 1.00 | 0.99; 1.00 |
Vasoprotectives | C05C | - | - | - | 1.00 | 0.99; 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.00; 0.66 | 1.00 | 1.00; 1.00 | |
Genito urinary system and sex hormones | |||||||||||
Gynaecological antiinfectives and antiseptics | G01A | - | - | - | 0.99 | 0.98; 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.00; 0.35 | 1.00 | 0.99; 1.00 | |
Sympathomimetics, labour repressants | G02CA | 1.00 | 1.00; 1.00 | 0.99 | 0.98; 0.99 | 0.10 | 0.02; 0.40 | 1.00 | 0.99; 1.00 | ||
Prolactin inhibitors | G02CB | 0.00 | - | - | 1.00 | 1.00; 1.00 | - | - | - | 1.00 | 0.99; 1.00 |
Hormonal contraceptives | G03A | 0.00 | - | - | 1.00 | 1.00; 1.00 | - | - | - | 1.00 | 0.99; 1.00 |
Estrogens | G03C | 0.00 | - | - | 1.00 | 1.00; 1.00 | - | - | - | 1.00 | 0.99; 1.00 |
Progestogens | G03D | 0.17 | 0.15; 0.20 | 1.00 | 0.99; 1.00 | 0.94 | 0.74; 0.99 | 0.89 | 0.87; 0.91 | ||
Gonadotrophins | G03G | 0.00 | - | - | 1.00 | 1.00; 1.00 | - | - | - | 1.00 | 0.99; 1.00 |
Systemic hormonal preparations | |||||||||||
Glucocorticoid, systemic | H02A | 0.22 | 0.19; 0.25 | 1.00 | 0.99; 1.00 | 0.40 | 0.12; 0.77 | 0.99 | 0.98; 1.00 | ||
Thyroid preparations | H03 | 0.82 | 0.79; 0.85 | 1.00 | 0.99; 1.00 | 0.91 | 0.78; 0.97 | 0.99 | 0.98; 1.00 | ||
Thyroid hormones | H03A | 0.82 | 0.79; 0.85 | 1.00 | 0.99; 1.00 | 0.97 | 0.85; 0.99 | 0.99 | 0.98; 1.00 | ||
Antithyroid preparations | H03B | - | - | - | 1.00 | 0.99; 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.00; 0.66 | 1.00 | 1.00; 1.00 | |
Anti-infective agents | |||||||||||
Antibiotics, systemic | J01 | 0.09 | 0.07; 0.11 | 0.99 | 0.98; 0.99 | 0.65 | 0.43; 0.82 | 0.82 | 0.79; 0.85 | ||
Antimycotics, systemic | J02 | 0.25 | 0.22; 0.28 | 1.00 | 1.00; 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.21; 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.99; 1.00 | ||
Antivirals, systemic | J05 | 0.20 | 0.17; 0.23 | 1.00 | 1.00; 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.21; 1.00 | 0.99 | 0.99; 1.00 | ||
Immune sera and immunoglobulins | J06B | 0.00 | - | - | 1.00 | 1.00; 1.00 | - | - | - | 0.99 | 0.98; 1.00 |
Musculo-skeletal system | |||||||||||
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs | M01A | 0.00 | - | - | 1.00 | 0.99; 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.00; 0.66 | 0.99 | 0.97; 0.99 | |
Bisphosphonates | M05B | 0.00 | - | - | 1.00 | 1.00; 1.00 | - | - | - | 1.00 | 0.99; 1.00 |
Nervous system | |||||||||||
Non-opioid analgesics | N02BE | 0.00 | - | - | 0.94 | 0.92; 0.95 | 0.00 | 0.00; 0.08 | 1.00 | 0.99; 1.00 | |
Selective serotonin agonists | N02CC | 0.00 | - | - | 1.00 | 0.99; 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.00; 0.79 | 1.00 | 0.99; 1.00 | |
Antiepileptic medications | N03 | 1.00 | 1.00; 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00; 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.21; 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00; 1.00 | ||
Antidepressants | N06A | 0.00 | - | - | 1.00 | 1.00; 1.00 | - | - | - | 0.99 | 0.98; 1.00 |
Methadone | N07B | 0.00 | - | - | 1.00 | 1.00; 1.00 | - | - | - | 1.00 | 0.99; 1.00 |
Antiparasitic products | |||||||||||
Antiprotozoals and antinematodals | P01 | 0.00 | - | - | - | 1.00; 1.00 | - | - | - | 1.00 | 0.99; 1.00 |
Respiratory system | |||||||||||
Medications for obstructive airway disease | R03 | 0.17 | 0.14; 0.19 | 1.00 | 0.99; 1.00 | 0.83 | 0.44; 0.97 | 0.97 | 0.95; 0.98 | ||
Adrenergic, inhalants | R03A | 0.36 | 0.33; 0.40 | 1.00 | 1.00; 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.51; 1.00 | 0.99 | 0.98; 1.00 | ||
Other inhalants | R03B | 0.04 | 0.03; 0.06 | 1.00 | 1.00; 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.21; 1.00 | 0.97 | 0.96; 0.98 | ||
Adrenergics, systemic | R03CA | - | - | - | 1.00 | 0.99; 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.00; 0.79 | 1.00 | 1.00; 1.00 | |
Nasal decongestants and other topical | R01A | - | - | - | 1.00 | 0.99; 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.00; 0.66 | 1.00 | 1.00; 1.00 | |
Cough and cold preparations | R05 | - | - | - | 0.99 | 0.98; 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.00; 0.43 | 1.00 | 0.99; 1.00 | |
Antihistamines for systemic use | R06A | 0.40 | 0.37; 0.44 | 1.00 | 0.99; 1.00 | 0.67 | 0.21; 0.94 | 1.00 | 0.99; 1.00 | ||