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Table 4 The association between SES and breastfeeding practices by immigration status

From: Variation in the association between socioeconomic status and breastfeeding practices by immigration status in Taiwan: a population based birth cohort study

Immigration status Ever breastfeeding Predominant breastfeeding continued to fourth month Predominant breastfeeding continued to sixth month
Socioeconomic status Rate OR (95 % CI) Rate OR (95 % CI) Rate OR (95 % CI)
Mothers from China (Yes = 774/No = 169) (Yes = 345/No = 598) (Yes = 172/No = 771)
Mother’s education          
 1. ≧ 13 years 85.05 0.98 (0.53–1.84) 34.58 0.99 (0.61–1.59) 17.76 1.06 (0.58–1.91)
 2. 10 to 12 years 83.38 1.01 (0.69–1.48) 40.85 1.38 (1.02–1.87)a 18.59 1.15 (0.79–1.68)
 3. ≦ 9 years 80.73 1.00   33.67 1.00   18.26 1.00  
Father’s education          
 1. ≧ 13 years 88.26 2.45 (1.46–4.10)c 40.15 1.44 (0.96–2.15) 18.18 1.40 (0.84–2.33)
 2. 10 to 12 years 82.79 1.59 (1.07–2.36)a 36.98 1.26 (0.89–1.78) 20.00 1.48 (0.96–2.29)
 3. ≦ 9 years 74.80 1.00   31.50 1.00   14.96 1.00  
Parental monthly income          
 1. ≧ NT$100,000 92.86 1.46 (0.32–6.79) 25.00 0.65 (0.25–1.70) 10.71 0.38 (0.08–1.71)
 2. NT$70,000 ~ NT$100,000 80.85 0.59 (0.25–1.39) 38.30 1.17 (0.59–2.32) 17.02 0.80 (0.34–1.89)
 3. NT$50,000 ~ NT$70,000 79.19 0.59 (0.34–1.01) 34.10 1.09 (0.70–1.69) 16.18 0.79 (0.46–1.36)
 4. NT$30,000 ~ NT$50,000 81.34 0.67 (0.43–1.05) 38.78 1.24 (0.89–1.75) 18.03 0.82 (0.55–1.24)
 5. ≦ NT$30,000 85.22 1.00   34.35 1.00   21.74 1.00  
Mothers from Southeast Asia (Yes = 1398/No = 414) (Yes = 451/No = 1361) (Yes = 194/No = 1618)
Mother’s education          
 1. ≧ 13 years 74.77 0.94 (0.56–1.57) 25.23 1.34 (0.79–2.26) 10.28 1.10 (0.52–2.33)
 2. 10 to 12 years 78.17 1.10 (0.84–1.43) 25.17 1.10 (0.85–1.43) 10.69 1.09 (0.76–1.56)
 3. ≦ 9 years 76.78 1.00   24.78 1.00   10.75 1.00  
Father’s education          
 1. ≧ 13 years 80.00 1.74 (1.14–2.66)a 25.26 1.13 (0.76–1.69) 13.16 1.62 (0.95–2.75)
 2. 10 to 12 years 80.60 1.60 (1.27–2.03)c 25.64 1.12 (0.89–1.42) 11.09 1.24 (0.89–1.72)
 3. ≦ 9 years 72.35 1.00   23.90 1.00   9.69 1.00  
Parental monthly income          
 1. ≧ NT$100,000 80.00 1.23 (0.33–4.54) 33.33 1.36 (0.43–4.29) 26.67 3.18 (0.90–11.31)
 2. NT$70,000 ~ NT$100,000 71.43 0.70 (0.33–1.43) 11.90 0.35 (0.13–0.94)a 7.14 0.61 (0.18–2.01)
 3. NT$50,000 ~ NT$70,000 69.01 0.64 (0.45–0.91)a 21.07 0.78 (0.54–1.13) 7.44 0.66 (0.38–1.15)
 4. NT$30,000 ~ NT$50,000 78.28 1.01 (0.78–1.30) 22.85 0.71 (0.56–0.89)b 9.50 0.68 (0.49–0.94)a
 5. ≦ NT$30,000 78.57 1.00   29.66 1.00   13.51 1.00  
Taiwanese mothers (Yes = 15067/No = 3114) (Yes = 2969/No = 15212) (Yes = 1286/No = 16895)
Mother’s education          
 1. ≧ 13 years 90.39 3.25 (2.78–3.82)c 21.10 2.75 (2.19–3.45)c 9.09 2.89 (2.07–4.03)c
 2. 10 to 12 years 76.58 1.52 (1.33–1.74)c 11.75 1.45 (1.21–1.86)c 5.16 1.61 (1.17–2.22)b
 3. ≦ 9 years 64.04 1.00   8.10 1.00   3.43 1.00  
Father’s education          
 1. ≧ 13 years 89.47 2.03 (1.76–2.34)c 21.06 1.63 (1.36–1.92)c 9.18 1.64 (1.26–2.12)c
 2. 10 to 12 years 78.08 1.36 (1.20–1.53)c 11.70 1.07 (0.90–1.27) 4.95 1.01 (0.79–1.30)
 3. ≦ 9 years 68.03 1.00   10.20 1.00   4.63 1.00  
Parental monthly income          
 1. ≧ NT$100,000 90.06 1.35 (1.10–1.66)a 21.80 1.39 (1.13–1.70)b 8.82 1.04 (0.78–1.38)
 2. NT$70,000 ~ NT$100,000 87.52 1.14 (0.96–1.35) 17.03 1.16 (0.96–1.41) 6.82 0.90 (0.69–1.78)
 3. NT$50,000 ~ NT$70,000 82.09 0.97 (0.84–1.13) 14.61 1.07 (0.89–1.28) 5.94 0.84 (0.65–1.07)
 4. NT$30,000 ~ NT$50,000 78.13 0.91 (0.79–1.05) 15.69 1.09 (0.91–1.29) 7.66 1.02 (0.81–1.84)
 5. ≦ NT$30,000 74.80 1.00   12.94 1.00   6.53 1.00  
  1. Note 1. a: p < .05, b: p < .01, c: p < .001
  2. Note 2. These models controlled for the residential area, employment status, age of the mother, age of the father, and sex of the child
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