Table 2 Characteristics of breastfeeding initiators versus non-initiators by birthplace
From: Predictors of breastfeeding initiation in Hong Kong and Mainland China born mothers
Characteristic | Hong Kong | Â | Mainland China | Â | All | Â | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No | Yes | Â | No | Yes | Â | No | Yes | Â | |
(N = 346) | (N = 1411) | P-value | (N = 190) | (N = 814) | P-value | (N = 536) | (N = 2225) | P-value | |
N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | ||||
Maternal age (years) | Â | Â | .022 | Â | Â | .158 | Â | Â | .009 |
 18–24 | 39 (24.5) | 120 (75.5) |  | 23 (21.7) | 83 (78.3) |  | 62 (23.4) | 203 (76.6) |  |
 25–29 | 97 (23.2) | 322 (76.9) |  | 55 (18.8) | 238 (81.2) |  | 152 (21.4) | 560 (78.7) |  |
 30–34 | 116 (16.6) | 581 (83.4) |  | 51 (15.4) | 280 (84.6) |  | 167 (16.3) | 861 (83.8) |  |
 ≥35 | 94 (19.5) | 388 (80.5) |  | 61 (22.3) | 213 (77.7) |  | 155 (20.5) | 601 (79.5) |  |
Parity | Â | Â | <.001 | Â | Â | .002 | Â | Â | <.001 |
 Primiparous | 156 (15.0) | 887 (85.0) |  | 62 (14.5) | 365 (85.5) |  | 218 (14.8) | 1252 (85.2) |  |
 Multiparous | 190 (26.6) | 524 (73.4) |  | 128 (22.2) | 449 (77.8) |  | 328 (24.6) | 973 (75.4) |  |
Maternal education | Â | Â | <.001 | Â | Â | .039 | Â | Â | <.001 |
 Compulsory secondary or belowa | 257 (27.1) | 692 (72.9) |  | 148 (20.8) | 565 (79.2) |  | 405 (24.4) | 1275 (75.6) |  |
 Upper secondary | 54 (16.7) | 269 (83.3) |  | 27 (16.6) | 136 (83.4) |  | 81 (16.7) | 405 (83.3) |  |
 University degree or above | 35 (7.2) | 450 (92.8) |  | 15 (11.7) | 113 (88.3) |  | 50 (8.2) | 563 (91.8) |  |
Monthly family income (HKD)b | Â | Â | <.001 | Â | Â | .063 | Â | Â | <.001 |
 <$15,000 | 87 (32.3) | 182 (67.7) |  | 94 (22.2) | 329 (77.8) |  | 181 (26.2) | 511 (73.8) |  |
 $15,000–$29,999 | 169 (22.3) | 588 (77.7) |  | 69 (17.2) | 333 (82.8) |  | 238 (20.5) | 921 (79.5) |  |
 ≥$30,000 | 90 (12.3) | 641 (87.7) |  | 27 (15.1) | 152 (84.9) |  | 117 (12.9) | 793 (87.1) |  |
Length of time in Hong Kong | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | .219 | Â | Â | Â |
 <5 years | -- | -- |  | 45 (17.6) | 211 (82.4) |  | -- | -- |  |
 5 - <10 years | -- | -- |  | 39 (16.2) | 202 (83.8) |  | -- | -- |  |
 ≥10 years | -- | -- |  | 104 (21.1) | 388 (78.9) |  | -- | -- |  |
Marital status | Â | Â | <.001 | Â | Â | .077 | Â | Â | <.001 |
 Unmarried | 39 (34.8) | 73 (65.2) |  | 14 (28.6) | 35 (71.4) |  | 53 (32.9) | 108 (67.1) |  |
 Married | 307 (18.7) | 1338 (81.3) |  | 176 (18.4) | 779 (81.6) |  | 483 (18.6) | 2117 (81.4) |  |
Work full-time during pregnancy | Â | Â | <.001 | Â | Â | .009 | Â | Â | <.001 |
 No | 97 (29.3) | 234 (70.7) |  | 104 (22.4) | 360 (77.6) |  | 201 (25.3) | 594 (74.7) |  |
 Yes | 249 (17.5) | 1177 (82.5) |  | 86 (15.9) | 454 (84.1) |  | 335 (17.0) | 1631 (83.0) |  |
Work full-time post-partum | Â | Â | <.001 | Â | Â | .139 | Â | Â | .001 |
 No | 134 (24.7) | 409 (75.3) |  | 127 (20.4) | 497 (79.7) |  | 261 (22.4) | 906 (77.6) |  |
 Yes | 212 (17.5) | 1002 (82.5) |  | 63 (16.6) | 317 (83.4) |  | 275 (17.3) | 1319 (82.8) |  |
Maternal smoking | Â | Â | <.001 | Â | Â | <.001 | Â | Â | <.001 |
 No | 307 (18.3) | 1372 (81.7) |  | 179 (18.1) | 809 (81.9) |  | 486 (18.2) | 2181 (81.8) |  |
 Yes | 39 (50.0) | 39 (50.0) |  | 11 (68.8) | 5 (31.3) |  | 50 (53.2) | 44 (46.8) |  |
Paternal smoking | Â | Â | <.001 | Â | Â | .001 | Â | Â | <.001 |
 No | 191 (15.9) | 1008 (84.1) |  | 103 (15.8) | 550 (84.2) |  | 294 (15.9) | 1558 (84.1) |  |
 Yes | 155 (27.8) | 403 (72.2) |  | 87 (24.8) | 264 (75.2) |  | 242 (26.6) | 667 (73.4) |  |
Pre-pregnancy health problem | Â | Â | .330 | Â | Â | .053 | Â | Â | .707 |
 No | 321 (20.0) | 1286 (80.0) |  | 167 (18.2) | 751 (81.8) |  | 488 (19.3) | 2037 (80.7) |  |
 Yes | 25 (16.7) | 125 (83.3) |  | 23 (26.7) | 63 (73.3) |  | 48 (20.3) | 188 (79.7) |  |
Pregnancy-related health problem | Â | Â | .251 | Â | Â | .011 | Â | Â | .014 |
 No | 293 (19.3) | 1228 (80.7) |  | 153 (17.7) | 713 (82.3) |  | 446 (18.7) | 1941 (81.3) |  |
 Yes | 53 (22.5) | 183 (77.5) |  | 37 (26.8) | 101 (73.2) |  | 90 (24.1) | 284 (75.9) |  |
Delivery type | Â | Â | .044 | Â | Â | .384 | Â | Â | .095 |
 Spontaneous vaginal | 214 (18.0) | 973 (82.0) |  | 139 (19.4) | 576 (80.6) |  | 353 (18.6) | 1549 (81.4) |  |
 Assisted vaginal | 21 (21.9) | 75 (78.1) |  | 8 (18.6) | 35 (81.4) |  | 29 (20.9) | 110 (79.1) |  |
 Planned cesarean | 60 (25.8) | 173 (74.3) |  | 28 (21.2) | 104 (78.8) |  | 88 (24.1) | 277 (75.9) |  |
 Emergency cesarean | 51 (21.2) | 190 (78.8) |  | 15 (13.2) | 99 (86.8) |  | 66 (18.6) | 289 (81.4) |  |
Preterm birth | Â | Â | .105 | Â | Â | .753 | Â | Â | .138 |
 No | 312 (19.3) | 1309 (80.8) |  | 174 (18.8) | 751 (81.2) |  | 486 (19.1) | 2060 (80.9) |  |
 Yes | 34 (25.0) | 102 (75.0) |  | 16 (20.3) | 63 (79.8) |  | 50 (23.3) | 165 (76.7) |  |
Infant LBWc | Â | Â | .062 | Â | Â | .720 | Â | Â | .073 |
 No | 306 (19.1) | 1293 (80.9) |  | 177 (18.8) | 764 (81.2) |  | 483 (19.0) | 2057 (81.0) |  |
 Yes | 40 (25.3) | 118 (74.7) |  | 13 (20.6) | 50 (79.4) |  | 53 (24.0) | 168 (76.0) |  |