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Table 1 Prevalence of maternal and neonatal characterstics in relation to birth position

From: Birth position and obstetric anal sphincter injury: a population-based study of 113 000 spontaneous births

Characteristics (%)

Total

Sitting

Lithotomy

Lateral

Knee

Birth seat

Supine

Squatting

Standing

All fours

Unknown

Nulliparous women

Number

44 942

17 294

11 906

5850

2660

4913

1214

342

243

235

285

%

           

Maternal age >35 years

13

11

14

12

14

14

10

10

17

15

17

Head circumference >35 cm

55

53

58

54

53

57

51

47

53

61

53

Birthweight > 4000 g

11

10

14

10

10

11

10

10

12

14

12

Length of second stage >90 min

45

43

58

27

35

39

36

39

37

40

45

Gestational age >40 weeks

60

59

63

59

59

62

54

57

61

65

59

Induction

15

14

19

14

10

11

14

13

7

8

18

Epidural analgesia

57

57

68

53

43

51

50

56

42

53

55

Non-occiput anterior presentation

3

2

4

2

1

2

2

3

3

2

14

Oxytocin augmentation

61

60

79

52

43

50

50

54

40

51

58

Parous women

Number

65 486

27 054

7410

12 631

7478

5025

3687

469

858

427

447

%

           

Maternal age >35 years

35

32

36

36

41

40

31

34

45

41

35

Head circumference >35 cm

65

62

71

67

67

71

59

63

67

69

65

Birthweight > 4000 g

22

20

29

22

23

24

16

22

24

28

24

Length of second stage >90 min

7

5

16

5

4

7

3

9

7

8

6

Gestational age >40 weeks

57

55

61

57

59

61

52

57

59

61

56

Induction

14

14

21

14

9

9

15

11

10

11

33

Epidural analgesia

26

26

39

25

19

28

18

28

16

20

24

Non-occiput anterior presentation

4

3

7

4

2

4

3

4

2

3

20

Oxytocin augmentation

26

25

48

23

17

23

20

25

16

19

22

Women undergoing VBAC

Number

2828

1054

864

387

149

225

77

21

18

16

17

%

           

Maternal age >35 years

31

28

32

32

37

29

29

38

50

38

35

Head circumference >35 cm

63

62

67

62

68

61

54

57

71

75

53

Birthweight > 4000 g

18

19

18

18

18

17

12

19

22

50

0

Length of second stage >90 min

39

36

50

34

23

42

29

40

12

31

29

Gestational age >40 weeks

61

60

62

62

55

68

58

62

56

69

47

Induction

15

14

18

13

11

11

10

24

6

6

18

Epidural analgesia

62

60

71

58

53

59

56

67

33

69

47

Non-occiput anterior presentation

2

2

3

2

0

2

1

5

6

6

18

Oxytocin augmentation

58

55

71

49

41

51

48

57

28

63

53