Characteristics (%) | Total | Sitting | Lithotomy | Lateral | Knee | Birth seat | Supine | Squatting | Standing | All fours | Unknown | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nulliparous women | Number | 44 942 | 17 294 | 11 906 | 5850 | 2660 | 4913 | 1214 | 342 | 243 | 235 | 285 |
% | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
Maternal age >35Â years | 13 | 11 | 14 | 12 | 14 | 14 | 10 | 10 | 17 | 15 | 17 | |
Head circumference >35Â cm | 55 | 53 | 58 | 54 | 53 | 57 | 51 | 47 | 53 | 61 | 53 | |
Birthweight > 4000 g | 11 | 10 | 14 | 10 | 10 | 11 | 10 | 10 | 12 | 14 | 12 | |
Length of second stage >90Â min | 45 | 43 | 58 | 27 | 35 | 39 | 36 | 39 | 37 | 40 | 45 | |
Gestational age >40Â weeks | 60 | 59 | 63 | 59 | 59 | 62 | 54 | 57 | 61 | 65 | 59 | |
Induction | 15 | 14 | 19 | 14 | 10 | 11 | 14 | 13 | 7 | 8 | 18 | |
Epidural analgesia | 57 | 57 | 68 | 53 | 43 | 51 | 50 | 56 | 42 | 53 | 55 | |
Non-occiput anterior presentation | 3 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 14 | |
Oxytocin augmentation | 61 | 60 | 79 | 52 | 43 | 50 | 50 | 54 | 40 | 51 | 58 | |
Parous women | Number | 65 486 | 27 054 | 7410 | 12 631 | 7478 | 5025 | 3687 | 469 | 858 | 427 | 447 |
% | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
Maternal age >35Â years | 35 | 32 | 36 | 36 | 41 | 40 | 31 | 34 | 45 | 41 | 35 | |
Head circumference >35Â cm | 65 | 62 | 71 | 67 | 67 | 71 | 59 | 63 | 67 | 69 | 65 | |
Birthweight > 4000 g | 22 | 20 | 29 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 16 | 22 | 24 | 28 | 24 | |
Length of second stage >90Â min | 7 | 5 | 16 | 5 | 4 | 7 | 3 | 9 | 7 | 8 | 6 | |
Gestational age >40Â weeks | 57 | 55 | 61 | 57 | 59 | 61 | 52 | 57 | 59 | 61 | 56 | |
Induction | 14 | 14 | 21 | 14 | 9 | 9 | 15 | 11 | 10 | 11 | 33 | |
Epidural analgesia | 26 | 26 | 39 | 25 | 19 | 28 | 18 | 28 | 16 | 20 | 24 | |
Non-occiput anterior presentation | 4 | 3 | 7 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 20 | |
Oxytocin augmentation | 26 | 25 | 48 | 23 | 17 | 23 | 20 | 25 | 16 | 19 | 22 | |
Women undergoing VBAC | Number | 2828 | 1054 | 864 | 387 | 149 | 225 | 77 | 21 | 18 | 16 | 17 |
% | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
Maternal age >35Â years | 31 | 28 | 32 | 32 | 37 | 29 | 29 | 38 | 50 | 38 | 35 | |
Head circumference >35Â cm | 63 | 62 | 67 | 62 | 68 | 61 | 54 | 57 | 71 | 75 | 53 | |
Birthweight > 4000 g | 18 | 19 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 17 | 12 | 19 | 22 | 50 | 0 | |
Length of second stage >90Â min | 39 | 36 | 50 | 34 | 23 | 42 | 29 | 40 | 12 | 31 | 29 | |
Gestational age >40Â weeks | 61 | 60 | 62 | 62 | 55 | 68 | 58 | 62 | 56 | 69 | 47 | |
Induction | 15 | 14 | 18 | 13 | 11 | 11 | 10 | 24 | 6 | 6 | 18 | |
Epidural analgesia | 62 | 60 | 71 | 58 | 53 | 59 | 56 | 67 | 33 | 69 | 47 | |
Non-occiput anterior presentation | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 18 | |
Oxytocin augmentation | 58 | 55 | 71 | 49 | 41 | 51 | 48 | 57 | 28 | 63 | 53 |