Exercise intervention during pregnancy can be used to manage weight gain and improve pregnancy outcomes in women with gestational diabetes mellitus

Table 2 The BMI increases among the non-GDM, GDM-nE and GDM-E groups

	Total sample	Non-GDM	GDM-nE	GDM-E
Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m²)	21.62(3.29)	21.36(3.16)*^#	22.53(3.69)*	22.71(3.57)^#
Δ Mid-Pre BMI (kg/m²)	3.35(1.90)	3.30(1.87)*^#	3.35(2.29)*^&	3.59(1.92)^#&
Δ Late-Mid BMI (kg/m²)	2.64(1.26)	2.77(1.21)*^#	2.40(1.30)*^&	2.05(1.32)^#&
Δ Late-Pre BMI (kg/m²)	5.96(2.22)	6.04(2.19)^#	5.71(2.55)*	5.64(2.22)^#

Data expressed as mean (Standard Deviation)
Abbreviations: BMI body mass index, Δ Mid-Pre BMI BMI increase between mid and pre-pregnancy, Δ Late-Mid BMI BMI increase between late and med-pregnancy, Δ Late-Pre BMI BMI increase between late and pre-pregnancy
*Indicates a significant difference between Non-GDM group and GDM-nE group; ^#Indicates a significant difference between Non-GDM group and GDM-E group; &Indicates a significant difference between GDM-nE group and GDM-E group. *^# & p values were based on Independent Samples T test, p <0.05

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