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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of pregnant women enrolled in this study

From: Exercise intervention during pregnancy can be used to manage weight gain and improve pregnancy outcomes in women with gestational diabetes mellitus

 

Total sample N = 14,168

Non-GDM N = 11,418

GDM-nE N = 689

GDM-E N = 2061

Age (years)*

28.12 ± 4.28

27.86 ± 4.21

28.70 ± 4.38

29.38 ± 4.40

Pre-pregnancy BMI* (kg/m2)

21.62 ± 3.29

21.36 ± 3.16

22.53 ± 3.69

22.71 ± 3.57

Exceeds recommended GWG

6303(48.0)

5092(48.3)

281(46.0)

930(47.3)

Family history of diabetes*

1969(13.9)

1392(12.2)

117(17.0)

460(22.3)

Physical labor during pregnancy*

 Light

10398(73.4)

8414(73.7)

530(76.9)

1454(70.5)

 Moderate

3561(25.1)

2830(24.8)

154(22.4)

577(28.0)

 High

75(1.2)

147(1.3)

4(0.6)

24(1.2)

  1. Continuous variables were expressed as means ± SD and categorical variables were expressed as n (%)
  2. Abbreviations: BMI body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters), GWG gestational weight gain
  3. *Indicates a significant difference among Non-GDM, GDM-nE and GDM-E group, p <0.001