| Total sample N = 14,168 | Non-GDM N = 11,418 | GDM-nE N = 689 | GDM-E N = 2061 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years)* | 28.12 ± 4.28 | 27.86 ± 4.21 | 28.70 ± 4.38 | 29.38 ± 4.40 |
Pre-pregnancy BMI* (kg/m2) | 21.62 ± 3.29 | 21.36 ± 3.16 | 22.53 ± 3.69 | 22.71 ± 3.57 |
Exceeds recommended GWG | 6303(48.0) | 5092(48.3) | 281(46.0) | 930(47.3) |
Family history of diabetes* | 1969(13.9) | 1392(12.2) | 117(17.0) | 460(22.3) |
Physical labor during pregnancy* | ||||
 Light | 10398(73.4) | 8414(73.7) | 530(76.9) | 1454(70.5) |
 Moderate | 3561(25.1) | 2830(24.8) | 154(22.4) | 577(28.0) |
 High | 75(1.2) | 147(1.3) | 4(0.6) | 24(1.2) |