Table 5 Multivariate logistic GLMMs assessing risk factors for disrespect and abuse among maternity patients participating in baseline (2012) and endline (2014) surveys of the Heshima project, Kenya. Model includes time of data collection (baseline)*

AOR (95 % CI)

AOR (95 % CI)

AOR (95 % CI)

AOR (95 % CI)

AOR (95 % CI)

AOR (95 % CI)

AOR (95 % CI)

Time Endline

0.55 (0.40 – 0.75)^a

0.38(0.17 – 0.82)^a

0.57 (0.41 – 0.79)^a

0.66 (0.41 – 1.05)^b

0.33 (0.16 – 0.71)^a

0.09 (0.04 – 0.23)^a

1.25 (0.90 – 1.75)

Baseline

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Age (for each additional year)

1.00 (0.96 – 1.03)

0.91 (0.84 – 0.99)^a

1.00 (0.96 – 1.04)

1.03 (0.97 – 1.08)

1.03 (0.95 – 1.12)

1.00 (0.93 – 1.08)

1.01 (0.97 – 1.05)

 0

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref ^a

Ref

 1-2

1.29 (0.89 – 1.88)

1.31 (0.59 – 2.90)

1.08 (0.73 – 1.61)

0.99 (0.57 – 1.74)

0.96 (0.41 – 2.27)

2.29 (1.02 – 5.14)

1.02 (0.69 – 1.51)

 3+

1.03 (0.54 – 1.94)

2.28 (0.65 – 8.05)

1.31 (0.70 – 2.47)

0.85 (0.34 – 2.17)

0.64 (0.15 – 2.70)

3.51 (1.06 – 11.56)

1.02 (0.53 – 1.95)

 Poorest 33.3 %

Ref

Ref ^a

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref ^a

Ref ^b

 Middle 33.3 %

1.33 (0.89 – 1.99)

2.12 (0.95 – 4.71)

1.20 (0.79 – 1.81)

1.66 (0.89 – 3.10)

2.05 (0.86 – 4.94)

0.45 (0.21 – 0.96)

1.61 (1.04 – 2.49)

 Richest 33.3 %

1.18 (0.76 – 1.83)

0.65 (0.22 – 1.88)

1.02 (0.64 – 1.61)

1.63 (0.82 – 3.23)

1.32 (0.48 – 3.63)

0.22 (0.08 – 0.60)

1.30 (0.80 – 2.09)

 Day

Ref ^a

Ref ^a

Ref ^a

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Night

1.37 (1.02 – 1.85)

2.51 (1.17 – 5.39)

1.47 (1.07 – 2.01)

0.96 (0.62 – 1.51)

1.40 (0.71 – 2.76)

1.15 (0.62 – 2.12)

1.14 (0.84 – 1.56)

 Married/cohabitating

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref ^a

Ref

 Not married

1.28 (0.86 – 1.88)

1.29 (0.58 – 2.90)

1.12 (0.74 – 1.69)

0.81 (0.43 – 1.54)

1.37 (0.59 – 3.23)

6.65 (3.27 – 13.51)

1.12 (0.73 – 1.70)

 Government

Ref ^a

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Private/FBO

0.37 (0.14 – 0.98)

1.07 (0.25 – 4.55)

0.47 (0.18 – 1.18)

0.58 (0.17 – 1.91)

0.79 (0.22 – 2.81)

0.23 (0.03 – 2.12)

0.52 (0.20 – 1.33)

 No vouchers

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Voucher accredited facility

1.36 (0.63 – 2.95)

1.88 (0.58 - 6.07)

1.26 (0.59 – 2.68)

1.42 (0.54 – 3.71)

0.86 (0.38 – 1.94)

1.42 (0.44 – 4.58)

1.36 (0.61 – 3.00)

 Doctor/Other

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Nurse/Midwife

0.83 (0.60 – 1.13)

1.63 (0.77 – 3.47)

1.02 (0.73 – 1.43)

1.19 (0.73 – 1.94)

1.17 (0.56 – 2.45)

0.92 (0.48 – 1.77)

0.97 (0.70 – 1.35)

 No

**

**

**

**

**

Ref ^a

**

 Yes

4.31 (2.27 – 8.20)

No

**

**

**

**

Ref ^a

Ref ^a

**

Yes

2.46 (1.19 – 5.06)

2.50 (1.30 – 4.82)