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Table 3 Socio-demographic and delivery characteristics of maternity patients participating in baseline (2012) and endline (2014) surveys of the Heshima project in 13 facilities in Kenya, N = 1,369*

From: The effect of a multi-component intervention on disrespect and abuse during childbirth in Kenya

 

Baseline (N = 641)

Endline (N = 728)

 
 

% (n)

% (n)

p-valuea

Socio-demographic characteristics

Age mean (SD)

25.0 (5.3)

25.2 (5.1)

0.473

Level of educational attainment

   

 No school

1.3 (8)

1.7 (12)

< .0001

 Primary

46.3 (296)

33.9 (244)

 

 Secondary

42.6 (272)

47.9 (345)

 

 Tertiary/University

9.9 (63)

16.5 (119)

 

Marital status

   

 Married/cohabitating

81.9 (525)

80.4 (585)

0.466

 Not married

18.1 (116)

19.6 (143)

 

Religion

   

 Muslim

1.3 (8)

2.6 (19)

 

 Catholic

25.8 (165)

26.2 (191)

0.309

 Protestant

70.8 (453)

69.4 (505)

 

 Others/None

2.2 (14)

1.8 (13)

 

Wealth quintile

   

 Poorest 33.3 %

44.0 (282)

23.9 (174)

 

 Middle 33.3 %

31.5 (202)

35.0 (255)

< .0001

 Richest 33.3 %

24.5 (157)

41.1 (299)

 

Previous births

   

 0

41.6 (266)

41.2 (300)

 

 1-2

45.3 (290)

47.0 (342)

0.710

 3+

13.1 (84)

11.8 (86)

 

Reported ever being physically abused

18.7 (120)

38.1 (277)

< .0001

Reported ever having been raped

2.2 (14)

4.8 (35)

0.009

Delivery Characteristics

Facility sector

   

 Government/Council

91.0 (583)

88.1 (641)

0.082

 Private/Faith based

9.1 (58)

12.0 (87)

 

Voucher accredited facility

65.4 (419)

74.7 (544)

0.0002

Previous delivery at facility

25.7 (165)

27.2 (198)

0.542

Referred to facility

22.5 (144)

17.7 (129)

0.028

Time of delivery

   

 Day

57.4 (368)

53.2 (387)

0.115

 Night

42.6 (273)

46.8 (341)

 

Accompanied to facility

99.7 (639)

88.5 (644)

< .0001

Primary service provider for delivery

   

 Nurse/midwife

64.5 (404)

65.4 (474)

 

 Other

35.5 (222)

34.6 (251)

0.746

  1. *Missing values < 5%
  2. aChi-square test of association