Table 3 Associations between mothers' alcohol consumption and foetal health outcomes in Northern Tanzania 2000–2010
From: Alcohol consumption among pregnant women in Northern Tanzania 2000–2010: a registry-based study
% of births | % (n) of births with outcome | Univariate analysis | Multivariable model(a) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variables | RR (95 % CI) | p-value | ARR (95 % CI) | p-value | ||
Perinatal death (n = 33971)(b) | ||||||
Drinks alcohol | 34.1 | 5.2 (606) | 0.83 (0.76 – 0.91) | < 0.001 | 0.93 (0.81 – 1.07) | 0.288 |
Drinks alcohol every day | 1.0 | 3.3 (11) | 0.53 (0.30 – 0.95) | 0.032 | 0.40 (0.17 – 0.96) | 0.041 |
Drinks alcohol more than once a week | 10.1 | 4.6 (157) | 0.72 (0.62 – 0.85) | <0.001 | 0.81 (0.64 – 1.01) | 0.064 |
Drinks alcohol once a week | 3.8 | 5.1 (66) | 0.80 (0.63 – 1.02) | 0.073 | 1.05 (0.77 – 1.44) | 0.743 |
Drinks occasionally | 19.2 | 5.7 (372) | 0.90 (0.81 – 1.01) | 0.071 | 0.99 (0.85 – 1.16) | 0.930 |
Abstains from alcohol | 65.9 | 6.3 (1414) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Small for gestational age (below 10th percentile related to gestational age and sex(d)) (n = 27065)(c) | ||||||
Drinks alcohol | 34.4 | 14.0 (1305) | 0.81 (0.76 – 0.86) | < 0.001 | 0.87 (0.80 – 0.94) | 0.001 |
Drinks alcohol every day | 1.0 | 13.8 (36) | 0.80 (0.59 – 1.08) | 0.142 | 0.81 (0.54 – 1.22) | 0.316 |
Drinks alcohol more than once a week | 10.0 | 13.5 (367) | 0.78 (0.71 – 0.86) | < 0.001 | 0.88 (0.77 – 1.00) | 0.052 |
Drinks alcohol once a week | 4.0 | 14.2 (153) | 0.82 (0.70 – 0.95) | 0.009 | 0.80 (0.65 – 0.98) | 0.034 |
Drinks occasionally | 19.4 | 14.3 (749) | 0.82 (0.77 – 0.89) | < 0.001 | 0.88 (0.79 – 0.97) | 0.007 |
Abstains from alcohol | 65.6 | 17.3 (3079) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Low gestational age < 37 weeks (n = 29399)(c) | ||||||
Drinks alcohol | 34.4 | 10.5 (1062) | 0.85 (0.79 – 0.91) | < 0.001 | 0.89 (0.81 – 0.99) | 0.024 |
Drinks alcohol every day | 1.0 | 11.7 (33) | 0.95 (0.69 – 1.31) | 0.735 | 0.93 (0.61 – 1.41) | 0.723 |
Drinks alcohol more than once a week | 10.1 | 10.1 (301) | 0.82 (0.73 – 0.92) | < 0.001 | 0.90 (0.77 – 1.05) | 0.170 |
Drinks alcohol once a week | 4.0 | 10.5 (123) | 0.85 (0.71 – 1.00) | 0.055 | 0.91 (0.72 – 1.15) | 0.450 |
Drinks occasionally | 19.4 | 10.6 (605) | 0.86 (0.79 – 0.93) | < 0.001 | 0.88 (0.78 – 1.00) | 0.043 |
Abstains from alcohol | 65.6 | 12.4 (2394) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Low Apgar score 5 min after birth (Apgar score < 7) (n = 32363)(b) | ||||||
Drinks alcohol | 34.2 | 2.7 (304) | 0.87 (0.76 – 0.99) | 0.039 | 1.12 (0.92 – 1.36) | 0.249 |
Drinks alcohol every day | 1.0 | 2.2 (7) | 0.70 (0.34 – 1.47) | 0.348 | 0.48 (0.12 – 1.94) | 0.300 |
Drinks alcohol more than once a week | 10.2 | 2.6 (85) | 0.82 (0.65 – 1.02) | 0.076 | 1.28 (0.95 – 1.73) | 0.104 |
Drinks alcohol once a week | 3.8 | 2.3 (29) | 0.74 (0.51 – 1.06) | 0.103 | 1.23 (0.78 – 1.95) | 0.371 |
Drinks occasionally | 19.2 | 2.9 (183) | 0.93 (0.79 – 1.09) | 0.384 | 1.10 (0.88 – 1.38) | 0.386 |
Abstains from alcohol | 65.8 | 3.2 (673) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||