Table 3 Haemodynamic variables (Mean ± SEM): (a) Supine posture (b) Standing posture and (c) Supine-to-standing between state change for control and exercise groups
Variable | Control | Exercise | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | T2 | T3 | PP | T1 | T2 | T3 | PP | |
(a) | ||||||||
HR (bpm) | 80.9 ± 1.5 | 87.3 ± 1.8 | 89.1 ± 1.7 | 74.7 ± 1.7 | 83.0 ± 3.1 | 86.6 ± 2.4 | 94.6 ± 2.5 | 71.2 ± 2.3 |
SV (ml) | 87.5 ± 2.7 | 84.1 ± 2.5 | 76.8 ± 2.1 | 77.4 ± 2.6 | 87.3 ± 4.0 | 83.6 ± 4.1 | 75.1 ± 3.2 | 80.7 ± 3.3 |
CO (L · min−1) | 7.0 ± 0.2 | 7.2 ± 0.2 | 6.8 ± 0.1 | 5.7 ± 0.2 | 7.2 ± 0.3 | 7.1 ± 0.3 | 7.0 ± 0.3 | 5.7 ± 0.2 |
TPR (dyn · sec · cm−5) | 932.0 ± 32.8 | 890.9 ± 27.0 | 985.8 ± 25.9 | 1118.7 ± 53.0 | 885.9 ± 42.9 | 876.1 ± 34.1 | 956.8 ± 42.7 | 1122.3 ± 74.5 |
SBP (mmHg) | 109.0 ± 1.7 | 108.1 ± 1.6 | 109.6 ± 1.2 | 108.5 ± 1.6 | 105.8 ± 1.9 | 105.1 ± 1.9 | 111.0 ± 2.4 | 105.4 ± 2.8 |
DBP (mmHg) | 70.6 ± 1.2 | 70.1 ± 1.1 | 72.8 ± 1.2 | 72.5 ± 1.3 | 68.0 ± 1.8 | 67.6 ± 1.6 | 72.3 ± 2.8 | 68.6 ± 2.3 |
EDI (ml · m−2) | 81.5 ± 2.2 | 76.7 ± 2.1 | 70.7 ± 2.0 | 73.9 ± 1.9 | 79.7 ± 3.0 | 73.9 ± 3.1 | 68.2 ± 2.8 | 75.7 ± 2.8 |
CI (L · min−1 · m−2) | 4.1 ± 0.1 | 4.1 ± 0.1 | 3.7 ± 0.1 | 3.3 ± 0.1 | 4.1 ± 0.2 | 4.0 ± 0.2 | 3.8 ± 0.2 | 3.3 ± 0.2 |
(b) | ||||||||
HR (bpm) | 92.6 ± 1.7 | 97.1 ± 2.0 | 98.4 ± 1.6 | 87.4 ± 1.8 | 93.0 ± 3.5 | 94.8 ± 2.9 | 100.9 ± 2.6 | 82.9 ± 2.5 |
SV (ml) | 74.8 ± 1.4 | 79.5 ± 2.2 | 75.6 ± 1.9 | 67.2 ± 1.9 | 78.3 ± 3.3 | 78.1 ± 2.3 | 75.3 ± 2.1 | 72.5 ± 2.3 |
CO (L · min−1) | 6.9 ± 0.1 | 7.6 ± 0.2 | 7.4 ± 0.2 | 5.8 ± 0.2 | 7.2 ± 0.4 | 7.3 ± 0.2 | 7.6 ± 0.3 | 6.0 ± 0.2 |
TPR (dyn.sec · cm−5) | 1002.0 ± 31.5 | 920.0 ± 43.3 | 955.5 ± 28.1 | 1227.9 ± 40.2 | 930.8 ± 41.4 | 882.0 ± 32.2 | 951.3 ± 38.2 | 1104.8 ± 59.2 |
SBP (mmHg) | 114.1 ± 2.9 | 114.8 ± 3.0 | 115.0 ± 1.9 | 112.9 ± 1.9 | 111.0 ± 2.3 | 109.3 ± 2.6 | 118.3 ± 2.9 | 109.4 ± 3.0 |
DBP (mmHg) | 76.0 ± 2.2 | 76.0 ± 2.5 | 76.0 ± 1.7 | 78.9 ± 1.4 | 71.2 ± 1.7 | 68.9 ± 1.7 | 76.8 ± 1.9 | 72.4 ± 2.9 |
EDI (ml · m−2) | 75.8 ± 1.4 | 77.0 ± 1.6 | 72.5 ± 1.7 | 69.1 ± 1.6 | 75.8 ± 3.0 | 73.2 ± 2.2 | 70.2 ± 2.3 | 73.1 ± 2.1 |
CI (L · min−1 · m−2) | 4.0 ± 0.1 | 4.3 ± 0.1 | 4.0 ± 0.1 | 3.4 ± 0.1 | 4.1 ± 0.2 | 4.1 ± 0.1 | 4.1 ± 0.2 | 3.4 ± 0.1 |
(c) | ||||||||
HR (bpm) | 12.1 ± 1.0 | 9.7 ± 1.1 | 9.3 ± 1.0 | 12.7 ± 1.0 | 10.0 ± 1.3 | 8.2 ± 1.1 | 6.3 ± 1.5 | 11.7 ± 1.0 |
SV (ml) | −12.7 ± 2.2 | −4.6 ± 1.5 | −1.2 ± 1.4 | −10.2 ± 1.5 | −9.1 ± 1.6 | −5.4 ± 2.6 | 0.2 ± 2.3 | −8.2 ± 2.5 |
CO (L · min−1) | −0.13 ± 0.17 | 0.38 ± 0.12 | 0.61 ± 0.11 | 0.08 ± 0.09 | 0.06 ± 0.15 | 0.20 ± 0.19 | 0.52 ± 0.16 | 0.27 ± 0.15 |
TPR (dyn · sec · cm−5) | 70.0 ± 22.8 | 29.1 ± 24.8 | −30.3 ± 19.5 | 39.2 ± 30.9 | 44.9 ± 22.1 | 5.9 ± 24.8 | −5.6 ± 33.8 | −17.5 ± 42.5 |
SBP (mmHg) | 5.1 ± 1.8 | 6.7 ± 1.9 | 5.4 ± 1.4 | 4.4 ± 1.5 | 5.2 ± 1.2 | 4.2 ± 2.3 | 7.3 ± 1.9 | 4.0 ± 3.1 |
DBP (mmHg) | 5.4 ± 1.4 | 5.9 ± 1.8 | 3.3 ± 1.3 | 6.4 ± 1.5 | 3.2 ± 1.1 | 1.3 ± 1.8 | 4.5 ± 2.1 | 3.8 ± 2.4 |
EDI (ml · m−2) | −5.7 ± 1.9 | 0.3 ± 1.2 | 1.7 ± 1.2 | −4.8 ± 1.2 | −3.9 ± 1.2 | −0.7 ± 2.0 | 2.1 ± 1.7 | −2.6 ± 1.9 |
CI (L · min−1 · m−2) | −0.1 ± 0.1 | 0.2 ± 0.1 | 0.3 ± 0.1 | 0.1 ± 0.1 | 0.1 ± 0.1 | 0.1 ± 0.1 | 0.3 ± 0.1 | 0.1 ± 0.1 |