Table 2 Results of quantitative studies
Lead author (year) | Selected results | Author’s conclusion |
|---|---|---|
Radestad (2001) [36] | Mean anxiety score: cases; 36.4, controls; 34.8 | Slightly higher anxiety level in women with stillbirth compared to those without stillbirth |
Turton (2006) [9] | Within-couple analysis (negative scores indicate higher levels in mothers), PTSD(−6.63), State anxiety (−4.42), Trait anxiety (−1.41) | Among couples with stillbirth, mothers had higher level of PTSD and anxiety than fathers |
Compared to parents without stillbirth, parents with stillbirth had significant levels of depression, anxiety and PTSD | ||
Saflund (2006) [41] | WB: Women/ Men, Higher NWB (p = ≤ 0.0001) Lower PWB (p = ≤ 0.010) Lower GWB (p = ≤ 0.001) | At 3 months post stillbirth; mothers scored significantly higher on NWB and lower on PWB and GWB than fathers |
None of the fathers was on sick leave whereas all mothers were on full or part-time leave | ||
Surkan (2008) [37] | Relative risk of depressive symptoms, Not held baby long enough (RR 6.9, 95 % CI 2.4–19.8), Not pregnant within 6 months (RR 2.8. 95 % CI 0.9–8.4) | Depression in mothers post stillbirth is influenced by the length of time they spent with their stillborn and if pregnant again within 6 months |
Turton (2009) [38] | No significant association | No evidence to suggest that siblings born after a stillbirth are clinically at risk for psychological problems |
Cacciatore (2013) [11] | Anxiety, 41.3Â %, mental distress, 42.3Â %, depressive symptoms, 61.7Â % | Scores elevated among mothers that blamed themselves for a stillbirth |