Table 2 Comparison of obstetric outcomes of immigrant women originating from four different conflict-zone countries compared with ethnic Norwegian women in a low-risk maternity ward in Norway (N = 7408)

Start of labor

0.034^a

0.913^a

0.020^a,‡

0.138^a,‡

 Spontaneous

5596 (82.0)

216 (77.7)

137 (82.5)

67 (94.4)

53 (79.1)

 Induced labor

762 (11.2)

45 (16.2)

19 (11.4)

3 (4.2)

12 (17.9)

 Cesarean section

468 (6.9)

17 (6.1)

10 (6.0)

1 (1.4)

2 (3.0)

Epidural analgesia

2536 (37.2)

53 (19.1)

<0.001

60 (36.1)

0.791

19 (26.8)

0.071

23 (34.3)

0.634

Labor dystocia

2918 (42.7)

95 (34.2)

0.005

74 (44.6)

0.638

31 (43.7)

0.877

29 (43.3)

0.930

Operative delivery

 Instrumental vaginal delivery

942 (13.8)

28 (10.1)

0.076

23 (13.9)

0.984

7 (9.9)

0.338

7 (10.4)

0.428

 Elective cesarean section

403 (5.9)

12 (4.3)

0.269

7 (4.2)

0.361

1 (1.4)

0.128^‡

2 (3.0)

0.436^‡

 Emergency cesarean section

583 (8.5)

38 (13.7)

0.003

16 (9.6)

0.618

4 (5.6)

0.382

5 (7.5)

0.753

Gestational age, days, median (interquartile range)^b

282 (13)

284 (14)

0.003^†

280 (12)

0.008^†

277.5 (12)

0.002^†

278 (13)

0.104^†

 Preterm (35⁰–36⁶ weeks)

174 (2.6)

7 (2.6)

1.000

5 (3.0)

0.618^‡

0

0.265^‡

1 (1.5)

1.000

 Postterm (≥42⁰ weeks)

644 (9.5)

43 (15.9)

0.001

9 (5.4)

0.079

2 (2.8)

0.057

7 (10.4)

0.778

Meconium-stained liquor

1106 (16.2)

93 (33.5)

<0.001

34 (20.5)

0.140

13 (18.3)

0.632

10 (14.9)

0.778

Apgar score <7 at 5 min^c

63 (0.9)

7 (2.5)

0.019^‡

1 (0.6)

1.000

1 (1.4)

0.482^‡

0

1.000

Birth weight, g, mean (SD)^b

3598 (509)

3382 (550)

<0.001^§

3397 (505)

<0.001^§

3363 (535)

0.001^§

3539 (541)

1.000^§

 SGA^b

507 (7.5)

62 (23.0)

<0.001

24 (14.8)

0.001

12 (17.6)

0.003

7 (10.4)

0.345^‡

 LGA^b

667 (9.8)

10 (3.7)

0.001

6 (3.7)

0.008

2 (2.9)

0.049

8 (11.9)

0.552