Pregnancy complications and birth outcomes among women experiencing nausea only or nausea and vomiting during pregnancy in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study

Table 3 Odds ratios^a of pregnancy complications in relation to group (symptom-free (SF), nausea only (NP), and nausea and vomiting (NVP))

			Crude		Adjusted^d
Outcome	Group	n (%)^b	cOR (95 % CI)^c	P value	aOR (95 % CI)	P value
Pelvic girdle pain (PGP)	SF	1101 (9.2)	1.00	<0.001	1.00	<0.001
	NP	2919 (17.3)	2.06 (1.92–2.22)		1.90 (1.76–2.05)
	NVP	2845 (20.3)	2.51 (2.33–2.71)		2.26 (2.09–2.43)
Severe pelvic girdle pain^e						<0.001
Smokers	SF	30 (3.0)	1.00		1.00
	NP	32 (3.9)	1.33 (0.80–2.21)		1.16 (0.69–1.94)
	NVP	50 (7.1)	2.50 (1.57–3.98)	<0.001	2.20 (1.36–3.56)
Non-smokers	SF	105 (1.0)	1.00		1.00
	NP	390 (2.9)	2.79 (2.24–3.46)		2.36 (1.90–2.94)
	NVP	483 (4.4)	4.32 (3.50–5.33)		3.50 (2.82–4.34)
Proteinuria	SF	937 (6.8)	1.00	<0.001	1.00	<0.001
	NP	1616 (8.1)	1.22 (1.12–1.32)		1.20 (1.10–1.31)
	NVP	1716 (10.4)	1.59 (1.46–1.73)		1.50 (1.38–1.63)
High blood pressure- no prior history	SF	209 (1.8)	1.00	<0.001	1.00	<0.001
	NP	318 (1.9)	1.06 (0.89–1.27)		1.07 (0.89–1.28)
	NVP	361 (2.6)	1.49 (1.25–1.76)		1.40 (1.17–1.67)
Preeclampsia	SF	544 (3.9)	1.00	<0.001	1.00	0.004
	NP	657 (3.3)	0.83 (0.74–0.94)		0.94 (0.84–1.06)
	NVP	735 (4.4)	1.13 (1.01–1.27)		1.13 (1.01–1.27)
Gestational diabetes- no prior history	SF	111 (0.8)	1.00	0.08	1.00	0.09
	NP	123 (0.6)	0.77 (0.59–0.99)		0.76 (0.58–0.98)
	NVP	129 (0.8)	0.97 (0.75–1.25)		0.93 (0.71–1.20)

^aOR, odds ratio, logistic regression analysis
^bNumber (%) of women with outcome
^cCI, confidence interval
^dAdjusted for age, body mass index, smoking during pregnancy, parity, education, and gender
^eSignificant interaction between severe PGP and smoking status during pregnancy (P = 0.04)

ISSN: 1471-2393