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Accompanying female partner to ANC at least once during the most recent pregnancy
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Most common definition of involvement used in the literature
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Anecdotally, husband would rarely join wife in the consultation in Myanmar; instead may wait in the waiting room or outside*
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1: Participant sometimes, mostly or always accompanied their wife to ANC
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1
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Broad meaning of ‘accompany’; non-specific measure of involvement
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0: Never accompanied
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Father’s presence at the most recent childbirth
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Common indicator in the literature
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Broad meaning of ‘presence’; non-specific measure of involvement
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1: Present
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1
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0: Not present
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Presence in the room during labour is culturally inappropriate in Myanmar,* but presence nearby allows husband to support his wife and newborn in other ways
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Discussion of partner’s most recent pregnancy and birth with a health care provider
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May indicate a greater depth of involvement and a greater readiness to assist
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May indicate a male-dominant approach to pregnancy care
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1: Discussion between participant and provider
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1
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Not seen elsewhere in the literature
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0: No discussion (or participant doesn’t recall, n = 1)
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Shared decision-making regarding antenatal and delivery care provider with their partner during the last pregnancy
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Reflective of inter-spousal communication, which is an important component of involvement and impacts on MNH outcomes
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Subject to recall and social desirability biases
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1: Both participant and wife made the decision
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1
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Doesn’t describe the extent or depth of communication within couples
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0: Participant, wife, older family members or others made the decision
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Shared contraceptive decision-making with partner
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Inter-spousal communication in the context of contraceptive use is well examined in the literature and associated with positive family planning outcomes
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1
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