Table 1 List of questions and answers in the questionnaire

Demographic characteristics

Age

Age at last birthday (years)

Educational level

University graduate or higher. No = 0, Yes = 1

Employment status

Full-time = 0, part-time or unemployed = 1

Health status

Current illness

Father was asked whether he has any illness including psychiatric disorders.

Psychotropic drugs

Father was asked whether he takes any drugs for mental illness. Choices were as follows; antidepressants, anti-anxiety agents, mood-stabilizing agents, and sleeping pills

Psychological factors

Experience of mental problems

Father has experience of visiting a medical institution due to a mental health problem. No = 0, Yes = 1

Life events

Whether a family member or close friend died or suffered a serious injury or accident in the previous 1 year. No events = 0, one or more events = 1

Economic anxiety

Father has anxiety about the family budget. No = 0, Yes = 1

Timing of pregnancy

Pregnancy after marriage = 0, Pregnancy before marriage = 1

Planning of pregnancy

Unexpected pregnancy. No = 0, Yes = 1,

Conception method

Pregnancy with infertility treatment. No = 0, Yes = 1

Order of birth

Second child or more = 0, First child = 1

Number of children in this pregnancy^a

Single birth = 0, Multiple birth = 1

Gestational age^a

Gestational week at delivery

Health status of child^a

Child has a health problem. No = 0, Yes = 1

Living with partner

Partner staying at her parent’s house. Yes = 0, No = 1

Partner’s depression (EPDS)^a

Ten items measuring symptoms of anxiety and depression in the last 7 days. 8 or Higher score indicate depression. No depression = 0, Depression = 1

Marital relationship satisfaction (QMI)

Six items measuring marital relationship satisfaction. Higher scores indicated higher relationship satisfaction.