From: Psychological antecedents of excess gestational weight gain: a systematic review
Author, year (Study reference number)* | Scale used**, Validation | Outcome(s) | Crude (unadjusted) results | Adjusted results | Confounders adjusted for | Summary of results |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Exposure: Personality Traits | ||||||
McDonald 2013 [61] | Eysenck’s Neurotic Scale of Emotional Instability (Personality trait), validated; | Excess GWG | OR 95% CI 1.24 (1.11 to 1.39) (per unit increase on scale) | OR 95% CI 1.26 (1.10 to 1.44) (per unit increase on scale) | pre-pregnancy BMI group, first birth, planned weight gain, daily soda or juice consumption, watching television before bedtime, locus of control to Eysenck’s neurotic scale of emotional instability, and satisfaction with pre-pregnancy weight | Neurotic Scale of Emotional Instability Significant on univariate analysis and multivariate ➔ |
Lie Scale of Social Desirability NS on univariate; not included in multivariate | ||||||
McDonald 2013 [61] | Eysenck’s Lie Scale of Social Desirability (Personality trait), validated | Excess GWG | OR 95% CI 1.24 | NA | NA | NS on univariate; Not entered into multivariate analyses |
0.95 (0.84 to 1.08) | ||||||
Exposure: ‘Other’ Cognitions (Fetal Health Locus of Control) | ||||||
Webb 2009 [2] | Fetal Health Locus of Control (FHLC), Validated | Excess GWG; | RR (95% CI ): | RR (95% CI ): | Pre-pregnancy BMI and other identified maternal socio-demographic, dietary and physical activity variables (exact variables not reported) | NS on univariate or multivariate analyses; similar results for adequacy ratio outcome |
Adequacy ratio | FHLC-(Internality scale) | FHLC--(Internality Scale) | ||||
Low 1.07 (1.0 to 1.2) | Low 1.02 (1.0 to 1.1) | |||||
Moderate 1.03 | Moderate 1.01 (0.9 | |||||
(0.9 to 1.1) | to 1.1) | |||||
High 1.0 | High 1.0 | |||||
(Reference) | (Reference) | |||||
FHLC-(Powerful | FHLC-(Powerful | |||||
others scale) | others scale) | |||||
Low 1.0 (Reference) | Low 1.0 (Reference) | |||||
Moderate 1.10 (1.0 to 1.2) | Moderate 1.00 (0.9 to 1.1) | |||||
High 1.05 (1.0 to 1.1) | High 0.96 (0.9 to 1.0) | |||||
FHLC-(Chances scale) | FHLC-(Chances scale) | |||||
Low 1.0 (Reference) | Low 1.0 (Reference) | |||||
Moderate 1.07 (1.0 to 1.2) | Moderate 1.00 (0.9 to 1.1) | |||||
High 1.08 (1.0 to 1.2) | High 1.01 (0.9 to 1.1) | |||||
Exposure: ‘Other’ Cognitions (Self-esteem) | ||||||
McDonald 2013 [61] | Robins Self-esteem scale, validated | Excess GWG | OR (95% CI ) for “Not very true” vs. other in terms of positive self esteem 0.28 (0.04 to 2.19) | NA | NA | NS on univariate therefore not included in multivariate |
Webb 2009 [2] | Self-esteem scale, Previously published, no reference to validation | Excess GWG; | RR (95% CI ) | RR (95% CI ) | Pre-pregnancy BMI, other socio-demographic, dietary and physical activity covariates | NS on univariate or multivariate analyses; |
Adequacy Ratio | Low 1.01 (0.9 to 1.1); | Low 0.99 (0.9 to 1.1); | NS results for adequacy ratio outcome | |||
Moderate 1.03 (1.0 to 1.1); | Moderate 1.02 (0.9 to 1.1); | |||||
High 1.0 (Reference) | High 1.0 (Reference) |