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Table 2 Distribution of permission reasons for not utilizing ANC services by respondents’ socio-demographic characteristics

From: Barriers to antenatal care use in Nigeria: evidences from non-users and implications for maternal health programming

 

Obtaining permission from spouse

Obtaining permission from parent or guardian

Obtaining permission from others

Getting money to go

Unavailability of transport

Need accompaniment/ cannot go alone

Location

      

Urban

*15.9

*10.7

*11.3

*40.3

*29.6

*16.2

Rural

23.4

15.0

15.4

59.8

47.2

23.7

Education

      

No Formal Ed

*26.5

*17.9

*18.9

*58.6

*48.3

*26.9

Qur’anic Only

23.7

15.8

12.8

56.8

47.8

22.9

Primary

16.4

8.6

9.6

55.9

40.1

16.7

Secondary

11.9

6.5

6.8

50.0

30.5

10.9

Higher

7.1

4.8

2.4

42.9

42.9

21.4

Marital Status

      

CM/LWSP

*23.1

*14.8

*15.3

56.2

44.7

22.7

Form Married

8.4

3.2

8.3

61.1

40.0

24.2

Never Married

8.8

15.8

5.3

61.4

36.8

10.5

Age At Birth

      

<20

*24.7

*19.8

*16.5

57.1

*51.1

*29.5

20-24

25.2

15.0

15.0

58.7

47.8

22.9

25-34

22.3

15.0

15.6

58.1

44.6

23.6

35-49

18.3

10.8

12.3

51.7

38.4

17.8

Wealth Quintiles

      

Poorest

*28.0

*17.9

*18.8

*63.1

*53.6

*29.0

Poorer

20.7

15.7

15.7

57.8

43.6

21.0

Average

17.8

9.9

9.6

52.4

34.5

16.2

Wealthier

12.5

3.4

5.8

41.3

30.3

11.1

Wealthiest

8.8

6.6

3.3

27.2

18.7

13.2

Zone

      

North Central

*19.1

*9.9

*9.5

*62.7

*47.8

*16.6

North East

25.7

15.5

17.1

66.1

58.5

31.2

North West

27.9

21.2

21.6

54.2

43.8

27.7

South East

6.4

1.3

0.0

57.7

39.7

9.0

South South

12.8

5.9

4.0

61.5

33.7

8.4

South West

12.9

4.6

7.4

32.3

30.0

15.2

Tribe

      

Hausa/Fulani

*28.7

*20.5

*21.4

*55.5

*47.2

*29.2

Igbo

6.9

2.0

1.0

56.4

33.7

10.8

Yoruba

6.7

3.4

2.8

30.2

26.3

11.7

Others

18.2

9.7

9.6

63.4

45.3

16.9

Religion

      

Islam

*26.9

*18.7

*19.3

56.1

*47.0

*27.3

Christian

12.4

5.6

5.6

56.7

38.4

13.1

Others

22.9

11.4

8.6

61.1

42.9

11.1

Employment

      

Employed

22.2

14.4

14.7

56.6

44.4

22.5

Unemployed

18.2

10.5

11.7

50.0

35.5

18.4

Total

22.0

14.3

14.6

56.4

44.1

22.4

  1. *Significant at 5% CM/LWSP Currently married or Living with sexual partner. Ed Education.