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Table 1 Description of the sample and comparison of characteristics, by breastfeeding using Student’s t test

From: Maternal obesity, environmental factors, cesarean delivery and breastfeeding as determinants of overweight and obesity in children: results from a cohort

Variable analyzed

N (%)

p-value

Mother’s educational level

  

≤8 years of schooling

202 (30.1)

0.015

>8 years of schooling

470 (69.9)

 

Mother’s age (years)

  

<20

104 (15.5)

0.692

≥20

568 (84.5)

 

Family income

  

<2 times minimum wage

321 (47.8)

<0.000

≥2 times minimum wage

351 (52.2)

 

Mother goes out to work at time of birth

  

Yes

241 (35.9)

0.021

No

431 (64.1)

 

Mother’s BMI

  

Overweight/obesity

352 (52.4)

0.764

Underweight/normal weight

320 (47.6)

 

Type of delivery

  

Caesarean

327 (48.7)

0.123

Vaginal

345 (51.3)

 

Sex of child

  

Male

336 (50.0)

0.765

Female

336 (50.0)

 

Birth weight (grams)

  

<2,500

30 (4.5)

0.873

≥2,500

642 (95.5)

 

Gestational age

  

Preterm

26 (3.9)

0.620

Full term

646 (96.1)

 

Physical activity at school

  

Yes

179 (26.6)

0.035

No

486 (72.3)

 

Sedentary activities (>1 h/day)

  

Yes

621 (92.4)

0.369

No

51 (7.6)

 

Sport outside of school

  

Yes

79 (11.8)

0.091

No

593 (88.2)

 

Plays ball games

  

Yes

365 (54.3)

0.737

No

307 (45.7)

 

Rides a bicycle

  

Yes

468 (69.6)

0.939

No

204 (30.4)

 

Buys school meals

  

Yes

250 (37.2)

0.113

No

415 (61.8)

 
  1. N = number of children.
  2. BMI = body mass index.
  3. h = hour.