Table 3 Maternal characteristics and malaria infection, and associations with SGA and fetal weight z-scores

Weight measurements

1,504

SGA measurements

379

Measurement-specific

Any malaria infection

21.1 (318/1,504)

1.36 (1.12, 1.65)

0.002

1.13 (0.95, 1.34)

0.172

−0.10 [−0.23, 0.03]

0.115

−0.06 [−0.19, 0.07]

0.372

Recent infection (<6 wks)

10.5 (158/1,504)

1.06 (0.80, 1.41)

0.680

1.03 (0.81, 1.32)

0.799

0.06 [−0.08, 0.20]

0.403

0.06 [−0.08, 0.21]

0.375

Cumulative infection^a

1

18.6 (280/1,504)

1.24 (1.00, 1.52)

1.12 (0.93, 1.34)

≥2

2.5 (38/1,504)

2.25 (1.63, 3.09)

<0.001

1.18 (0.85, 1.63)

0.389

−0.09 [−0.22, 0.05]

−0.05 [−0.18, 0.09]

−0.25 [−0.53, 0.04]

0.155

−0.13 [−0.41, 0.16]

0.581

Recent IPTp

42.4 (637/1,504)

0.22 (0.17, 0.29)

<0.001

0.79 (0.57, 1.08)

0.140

0.20 [0.12, 0.28]

<0.001

0.16 [0.04, 0.27]

0.010

Low gestational weight gain

23.8 (173/735)

1.15 (0.92, 1.43)

0.237

1.21 (1.01, 1.45)^b

0.042

−0.16 [−0.35, 0.03]

0.095

−0.18 [−0.37, 0.00]^b

0.051

At enrolment

Malaria infection

14.9 (100/671)

1.17 (0.92, 1.49)

0.207

1.12 (0.91, 1.36)

0.285

−0.13 [−0.30, 0.04]

0.137

−0.11 [−0.27, 0.05]

0.186

MUAC <22 cm

13.8 (91/658)

1.48 (1.20, 1.82)

<0.001

1.51 (1.29, 1.76)

<0.001

−0.19 [−0.36, −0.02]

0.031

−0.18 [−0.34, −0.01]

0.038

Body mass index <18.5 kg/m³

5.1 (34/664)

1.29 (0.98, 1.69)

0.074

1.33 (0.95, 1.86)

0.103

−0.19 [−0.36, −0.02]

0.031

−0.11 [−0.37, 0.16]

0.436

Height <150 cm

21.2 (141/665)

1.31 (1.10, 1.57)

0.003

1.27 (1.04, 1.55)

0.009

−0.19 [−0.36, −0.02]

0.031

−0.17 [−0.31, −0.03]

0.016

Haemoglobin <90 g/L

22.8 (148/650)

1.12 (0.92, 1.37)

0.266

1.27 (1.06, 1.51)

0.009

0.02 [−0.13, 0.16]

0.840

0.01 [−0.13, 0.15]

0.880