Table 1 Baseline characteristics of factors associated with maternal utilization of ANC health services, categorized by the external environment, predisposing, enabling and need factors in South Sudan, SSHHSII 2010 (n = 3504)
VARIABLES | n | % |
|---|---|---|
1. EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS | Â | Â |
Geographical Region (state) | Â | Â |
Upper Nile | 464 | 13.3 |
Jounglei | 452 | 12.9 |
Unity | 205 | 5.8 |
Warap | 480 | 13.7 |
Northern Bahr el Ghazal | 280 | 8.0 |
Western Bahr el Ghazal | 138 | 3.9 |
Lakes | 280 | 8.0 |
Western Equatoria | 313 | 8.9 |
Central Equatoria | 500 | 14.3 |
Eastern Equatoria | 392 | 11.2 |
Type of residence (total) | Â | Â |
Urban | 808 | 23.0 |
Rural | 2697 | 77.0 |
2. PREDISPOSING FACTORS | Â | Â |
Socio-demographic characteristic | Â | Â |
Maternal age at her last birthday (years) | Â | Â |
15-19 | 272 | 7.8 |
20-34 | 2520 | 71.9 |
35-49 | 713 | 20.3 |
Birth order | Â | Â |
1st birth | 2794 | 86.5 |
2nd birth | 368 | 11.4 |
3rd + birth | 68 | 2.1 |
Number of previous pregnancies | Â | Â |
1 pregnancy | 3113 | 95.1 |
2+ pregnancy | 161 | 4.9 |
Pregnancy outcome | Â | Â |
Live birth | 3062 | 96.7 |
Other (Still birth, Miscarriage, Currently pregnant) | 105 | 3.3 |
Number of children | Â | Â |
1-2 children | 1211 | 34.6 |
3-4 children | 1157 | 33.0 |
5 children and more | 1136 | 32.4 |
Maternal marital status | Â | Â |
Currently married | 2702 | 77.1 |
Formerly married | 582 | 16.6 |
Never married (Single) | 220 | 6.3 |
Polygamy status | Â | Â |
Husband have one wife | 1889 | 59.0 |
Husband have more than one wife | 1313 | 41.0 |
Maternal education | Â | Â |
No education | 2745 | 78.4 |
Primary education | 615 | 17.6 |
Secondary + education | 143 | 4.1 |
Maternal literacy | Â | Â |
Able to read | 334 | 10.0 |
Unable to read | 3018 | 90.0 |
Health knowledge | Â | Â |
Knowledge of obstetric danger signs during pregnancy, delivery and post delivery | Â | Â |
Good for (correct answer 8 or more) | 147 | 4.2 |
Fair for (correct answer between 5–7) | 170 | 4.8 |
Bad for (correct answer less than 5) | 3188 | 91.0 |
Knowledge on newborn danger signs | Â | Â |
Good for (correct answer 8 or more) | 140 | 4.0 |
Fair for (correct answer between 5–7) | 180 | 5.1 |
Bad for (correct answer less than 5) | 3184 | 90.9 |
3. ENABLING FACTORS | Â | Â |
Household wealth index | Â | Â |
Poorest | 671 | 19.2 |
Poorer | 704 | 20.1 |
Middle | 654 | 18.7 |
Richer | 747 | 21.3 |
Richest | 728 | 20.8 |
4. NEED FACTORS | Â | Â |
Desire for last pregnancy | Â | Â |
Wanted to get pregnant then | 2995 | 85.5 |
Wanted to get pregnant later | 314 | 9.0 |
Never wanted to get pregnant | 106 | 3.0 |
Pregnancy complications | Â | Â |
Yes with 1–2 complications | 1240 | 35.4 |
Yes with 3 and more complications | 1140 | 32.5 |
No without complications | 1124 | 32.1 |