Table 2 Univariate analysis of the perinatal risk factors associated with placental inflammation
Perinatal Factors | Total | Missing data | Placental inflammation | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
N = 192 | N = 65 | |||
n (%) | n (%) | |||
Maternal Age (years) | ||||
Median (inter-quartile range) | 0 | 24 (21 – 31) | P = 0.04* | |
27 (23 – 32) | ||||
No inflammation | ||||
Parity | P = 0.07 | |||
Nulliparous | 60 (31.4) | 0 | 26 (43.3) | |
Multiparous | 131 (68.6) | 39 (29.8) | ||
Residence | P < 0.0001** P = 0.001* | |||
Metropolitan | 115 (59.9) | 0 | 28 (24.3) | |
Rural | 17 (8.9) | 0 | 6 (35.3) | |
Remote | 60 (31.3) | 0 | 31 (51.7) | |
Metropolitan and Rural versus Remote | 132 (68.8) | 0 | 34 (25.8) | |
Rural and Remote vs Metropolitan | 77 (40) | 0 | 37 (56.9) | |
Ethnicity | P = 0.004* | |||
Indigenous | 79 | 0 | 36 (45.6) | |
Non-Indigenous | 113 | 0 | 29 (25.7) | |
High risk | P = 0.8 | |||
Yes | 71 (37) | 0 | 25 (35.2) | |
No | 121 (63) | 0 | 40 (33.1) | |
Less than 4 antenatal visits | P = 0.8 | |||
Yes | 13 (6.8) | 0 | 4 (30.8) | |
No | 178 (92.7) | 1 | 60 (34.3) | |
Anaemia | P = 0.04* | |||
Yes | 18 (9.4) | 0 | 10 (55.6) | |
No | 174 (90.6) | 55 (31.6) | ||
BMI ≤ 20 kg/m 2 | P = 0.04* | |||
Yes | 4 (2.1) | 83 (43.2) | 3 (75) | |
No | 105 (54.7) | 29 (27.6) | ||
BMI ≥ 30 kg/m 2 | P = 0.23 | |||
Yes | 40 (20.8) | 83 (43.2) | 9 (22.5) | |
No | 69 (35.9) | 23 (33.3) | ||
Smoking | P = 0.076 | |||
Yes | 72 (37.5) | 30 (15.6) | 30 (41.7) | |
No | 90 (46.9) | 35 (29.2) | ||
1 st Trimester Genitourinary positive culture | P = 0.057 | |||
Yes | 57 (29.7) | 97 (50.5) | 25 (38.5) | |
No | 38 (19.8) | 40 (29.6) | ||
Candida culture positivity | P = 0.05* | |||
Yes | 28 (14.6) | 0 | 14 (50) | |
No | 164 (85.4) | 51 (31) | ||
Urinary Tract Infection | P = 0.09 | |||
Yes | 22 (11.5) | 0 | 11 (50) | |
No | 170 (88.5) | 54 (31.8) | ||
Sexually transmitted disease | P = 0.9 | |||
Yes | 14 (7.3) | 97 (50.5) | 5 (35.7) | |
No | 81 (42.2) | 60 (33.7) | ||
Any Genitourinary culture positivity | P = 0.5 | |||
Yes | 70 (40.9) | 21 (10.9) | 26 (37.1) | |
No | 101 (59.1) | 30 (29.7) | ||
GBS positivity | P = 0.6 | |||
Yes | 34 (22.5) | 41 (21.4) | 13 (38.2) | |
No | 117(77.5) | 52 (32.9) | ||
Rupture of membranes > 48 hrs | P = 0.004* | |||
Yes | 9 (4.7) | 0 | 7 (77.8) | |
No | 183 (95.3) | 0 | 58 (31.7) | |