Table 2 Effect and affected fraction estimates for interventions to reduce stillbirths and maternal and neonatal deaths

Interventions for stillbirth prevention

Syphilis detection and treatment

0.82 for antepartum stillbirths*

0.21*

Minimal effect

-

0.03 for sepsis

1

Hypertensive disease case management

0.20 for antepartum and intrapartum stillbirths

1

0.59 for hypertensive disease

1*

Effect calculated as part of BEmOC and CEmOC

Diabetes case management

0.10 for antepartum and intrapartum stillbirths*

0.106*

Unknown effect

-

Unknown effect

-

MgSO4 Management of pre-eclampsia

0.20 for antepartum and intrapartum stillbirths*

0.213*

0.59 for hypertensive disease*

1*

Unknown effect

-

Fetal growth restriction detection and management

0.20 for antepartum and intrapartum stillbirths*

0.202*

Unknown effect

-

Unknown effect

-

Labor and delivery management: Essential obstetric care

0.23 for intrapartum stillbirths

1*

0.10 for sepsis

1*

0.25 for asphyxia*; 0.10 for prematurity*; 0.25 for sepsis; 0.36 for tetanus

1*

Labor and delivery management: Basic emergency obstetric care (BEmOC)

0.45 for intrapartum stillbirths

1*

0.08 for obstructed labor; 0.20 for antepartum hemorrhage*; 0.65 for postpartum hemorrhage; 0.50 for sepsis

1*

0.40 for asphyxia*; 0.10 for prematurity*; 0.25 for sepsis; 0.36 for tetanus

1*

Labor and delivery management: Comprehensive emergency obstetric care (CEmOC)

0.75 for intrapartum stillbirths

1*

0.99 for obstructed labor; 0.80 for antepartum hemorrhage*; 0.95 for postpartum hemorrhage; 0.99 for hypertensive disease of pregnancy; 0.70 for sepsis

1*

0.80 for asphyxia*; 0.10 for prematurity*; 0.25 for sepsis; 0.36 for tetanus

1*

Induction of labor for pregnancies lasting 41+ weeks (CEmOC only)

0.69 for antepartum and intrapartum stillbirths*

0.036*

No effect

-

Unknown effect

-

Interventions for maternal and newborn health

Early detection and treatment of HIV in pregnant women

Unknown effect

-

0.90 for other indirect causes

0.8

Unknown effect

-

Tetanus toxoid immunization during pregnancy

No effect

-

0.98*

0.005*

0.94 for tetanus*

1*

Antibiotics for preterm premature rupture of membranes

Unknown effect

-

0.26 for sepsis

0.1

0.12 for prematurity*; 0.08 for sepsis

1 for both

Antenatal corticosteroids for preterm labor

No effect

-

No effect

-

0.53 for prematurity*

1

Active management of the third stage of labor

No effect

-

0.27 for postpartum hemorrhage

1*

No effect

-

Neonatal resuscitation

No effect

-

No effect

-

0.3 for asphyxia*; 0.1 for prematurity*

1 for both*