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Table 2 Percent of population with maternal characteristics*

From: Contribution of prepregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain to adverse neonatal outcomes: population attributable fractions for Canada

 

All women (n = 71,200)

Primigravidas (n = 24,000)

Multigravidas

   

Previous PTB (n = 4,000)

No previous PTB

    

Previous early pregnancy lossa(n = 21,300)

No previous early pregnancy loss (n = 21,600)

Percent of sample

 

33.8

5.7

30.0

30.5

Determinants

     

Prepregnancy BMI

     

<18.5

6.0

7.1

6.2

5.3

5.4

18.5-24.9

59.7

63.3

51.3

58.1

58.4

25.0-29.9

20.9

17.6

22.9

23.1

22.3

≥30

13.5

12.0

19.6

13.5

13.9

Gestational weight gain

     

<recommended

18.6

16.6

18.0

19.4

20.2

=recommended

23.0

22.1

23.2

22.3

24.9

>recommended

59.4

61.3

58.7

58.3

54.9

Smoked 3rd trimester

10.4

7.7

17.2

13.7

10.0

Covariates

     

Maternal age

     

≤24

15.3

23.6

11.9

12.4

9.5

25-29

34.1

40.4

27.7

29.0

33.5

30-34

33.4

26.1

37.7

35.4

37.8

≥35

17.5

9.8

22.7

23.2

19.3

Maternal education

     

Less than high school

6.8

5.1

12.4

7.8

6.7

High school graduate

19.4

17.7

22.7

20.3

19.8

Post-secondary diploma

37.7

38.1

41.6

36.8

37.4

University graduate

36.1

39.2

23.3

35.2

36.1

Low-income-cut-off (LICO)

     

≤LICO

18.0

14.9

26.2

19.1

19.1

>LICO

74.0

75.3

69.1

74.1

74.0

Missing

8.0

9.8

4.7

6.9

6.9

Short stature

6.4

5.6

6.8

5.8

7.7

World region of birth

     

Canada

76.7

77.8

82.2

76.4

74.9

Europe/Western nations

6.0

5.8

4.4

6.4

5.9

Africa/Caribbean

2.3

2.2

3.4

2.6

1.9

Middle East/North Africa

2.6

2.6

2.3

1.9

3.3

Latin America

2.3

1.8

1.3

2.2

3.2

East Asia/South East Asia/Pacific Islands

5.7

5.4

3.0

6.4

5.7

South Asia

4.5

4.5

3.5

4.1

5.1

Medical conditions prior to pregnancy

15.2

14.3

20.5

16.6

13.8

Medical conditions during pregnancy

24.4

24.8

32.2

25.1

21.8

Depression prior to pregnancy

15.5

13.8

20.2

17.3

14.6

Perceived stress during pregnancy

     

Not stressful

43.1

46.4

34.2

41.6

42.6

Somewhat stressful

44.9

44.7

47.6

44.7

45.0

Very stressful

12.0

8.9

18.2

13.8

12.4

No support during pregnancy

12.8

10.0

16.8

14.7

13.3

  1. *Subgroup sample sizes do not add up to the total due to rounding to the nearest 100, as explained in the methods. Abbreviations: PTB – preterm birth, BMI – body mass index.
  2. aEarly pregnancy loss - miscarriage, abortion and/or ectopic pregnancy.