A prospective cohort study of depression in pregnancy, prevalence and risk factors in a multi-ethnic population

Table 3 Odds Ratio (OR) for depression in pregnancy in univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses

	Unadjusted OR			Model 1 (R² = 19.7%)*			Model 2 (R² = 20.7%)*			Model 3 (R² = 18.9%)*
	OR	95% CI	p-value	OR	95% CI	p-value	OR	95% CI	p-value	OR	95% CI	p-value
Ethnic origin (Western Europe ref)
Middle East	2.60	1.40-2.80	0.002	2.81	1.29-6.15	0.010	2.44	1.07-5.57	0.034
South Asia	2.27	1.31-3.94	0.003	2.72	1.35-5.48	0.005	2.25	1.07-4.72	0.033
Other minorities	1.36	0.71-2.63	0.356	1.24	0.51-3.04	0.638	1.16	0.46-2.88	0.759
Gestational week at inclusion	1.03	0.97-1.10	0.380	0.99	0.92-1.08	0.878	0.99	0.91-1.08	0.863	0.99	0.91-1.08	0.781
Age	1.01	0.97-1.05	0.743
Single parenthood¹	2.75	1.33-5.71)	0.007	2.91	1.035-8.18	0.043	2.74	0.96-7.84	0.060	2.05	0.79-5.36	0.143
Adverse life events
(0-1 ref)
2	1.91	1.05-3.46	0.033	1.54	0.77-3.08	0.222	1.58	0.79-3.17	0.199	1.64	0.82-3.27	0.161
≥3	6.22	3.46-11.18	<0.001	4.97	2.45-10.08	<0.001	4.95	2.43-10.10	<0.001	4.83	2.40-9.70	<0.001
Poor self-reported health²
good (ref)
bad	3.28	1.89-5.70	<0.001	2.00	1.01-3.99	0.048	2.08	1.04-4.16	0.039	2.29	1.16-4.48	0.016
Mother’s socioeconomic position (SEP)
highest 60% (ref)
lowest 40%	1.62	0.10-2.65	0.028				1.30	0.73-2.31	0.370	1.68	0.98-2.90	0.061
Mother’s level of social integration
highest 60% (ref)
lowest 40%	1.48	0.97-2.28	0.072							1.84	1.07-3.17	0.027
Previous history of depression³	3.01	1.86-5.14	<0.001	2.77	1.51-5.06	0.001	2.83	1.53-5.20	0.001	2.61	1.44-4.73	0.002
Read Norwegian newspapers/watch TV
Daily(ref)
Weekly	0.85	0.087-8.32	0.889
Seldom	1.12	0.42-3.01	0.828
Never	2.94	1.0-8.67	0.051
Living together with in-laws	1.41	0.55-3.60	0.472				2.41	0.86-6.75	0.096

¹Living without partner.
²3months before pregnancy.
³Collected postpartum.
^*Model 1-3: multiple logistic regression analyses with adjusted OR for included variables.

ISSN: 1471-2393