Characteristics | Facility delivery vs. non-facility delivery | Facility delivery vs. non-facility delivery | Facility delivery vs. non-facility delivery | Facility delivery vs. non-facility delivery | Facility delivery vs. non-facility delivery | Facility delivery vs. non-facility delivery |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | Model 5 | Model 6 | |
Time | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Baseline | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
 Midline | 1.20 (0.80-1.81) | 1.21 (0.81-1.81) | 0.83 (0.56-1.25) | 0.85 (0.57-1.27) | 0.84 (0.55-1.28) | 0.86 (0.56-1.32) |
Age: | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 <25 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
 25-34 | 1.00 (0.71-1.39) | 1.00 (0.71-1.40) | 1.06 (0.77-1.46) | 1.07 (0.77-1.47) | 1.00 (0.73-1.37) | 1.00 (0.73-1.38) |
 35-49 | 1.17 (0.74-1.85) | 1.18 (0.74-1.86) | 1.24 (0.79-1.93) | 1.26 (0.81-1.98) | 1.13 (0.75-1.71) | 1.15 (0.76-1.74) |
Education: | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 None | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
 Primary | 1.40 (0.94-2.09)+ | 1.41 (0.94-2.10)+ | 1.31 (0.92-1.88) | 1.32 (0.92-1.90) | 1.43 (1.01-2.03)* | 1.45 (1.02-2.07)* |
 Secondary or higher | 1.92 (1.27-2.92)** | 1.93 (1.27-2.92)** | 2.04 (1.40-2.96)*** | 2.06 (1.42-2.99)*** | 2.21 (1.52-3.23)*** | 2.26 (1.55-3.30)*** |
Ethnicity: | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Akan | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
 Mole-Dagbani | 1.43 (0.43-4.84) | 1.40 (0.41-4.72) | 1.25 (0.34-4.61) | 1.15 (0.32-4.20) | 1.51 (0.45-5.09) | 1.47 (0.44-4.93) |
 Konkomba | 5.31 (1.69-16.69)** | 5.43 (1.74-16.96)** | 3.25 (0.97-10.88)+ | 3.33 (1.01-10.95)* | 2.34 (0.74-7.36) | 2.40 (0.77-7.46) |
 Other | 1.45 (0.60-3.51) | 1.45 (0.60-3.48) | 1.35 (0.56-3.27) | 1.30 (0.55-3.12) | 1.49 (0.67-3.31) | 1.46 (0.66-3.24) |
Work status: | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Unpaid/unemployed | 0.75 (0.57-1.00)+ | 0.76 (0.57-1.01)+ | 0.80 (0.61-1.06) | 0.81 (0.62-1.07) | 0.72 (0.55-0.95)* | 0.73 (0.56-0.96)* |
 Self-employed/paid work | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Religion: | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Christian | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
 Muslim | 1.34 (0.67-2.66) | 1.33 (0.67-2.63) | 1.25 (0.57-2.77) | 1.23 (0.57-2.70) | 1.25 (0.58-2.72) | 1.23 (0.57-2.64) |
 None/traditional/other | 0.53 (0.33-0.86)** | 0.53 (0.33-0.86)** | 0.50 (0.30-0.83)** | 0.51 (0.31-0.84)** | 0.47 (0.30-0.75)** | 0.47 (0.29-0.75)*** |
 Parity (continuous): | 0.95 (0.92-0.98)** | 0.95 (0.92-0.98)** | 0.95 (0.92-0.98)** | 0.95 (0.92-0.98)** | 0.96 (0.93-0.99)** | 0.96 (0.93-0.99)** |
Region: | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Central | 2.83 (0.96-8.33)+ | 2.73 (0.92-8.09)+ | 1.98 (0.62-6.39) | 1.84 (0.57-5.93) | 2.15 (0.72-6.44) | 2.06 (0.68-6.23) |
 Northern | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Wealth category | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Poorest | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
 Medium | 1.30 (0.99-1.72)+ | 1.30 (0.98-1.72)+ | 1.24 (0.93-1.63) | 1.21 (0.91-1.61) | 1.28 (0.97-1.68)+ | 1.26 (0.96-1.67) |
 Richest | 1.93 (1.32-2.82)*** | 1.93 (1.32-2.83)*** | 1.87 (1.25-2.81)** | 1.87 (1.24-2.81)** | 1.94 (1.29-2.90)*** | 1.95 (1.30-2.92)*** |
Decision-making about woman’s healthcare |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 Woman/joint decision-making | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
 Husband alone | 0.81 (0.63-1.05) | 0.37 (0.07-1.99) | 0.74 (0.58-0.96)* | 0.04 (0.01-0.32)** | 0.73 (0.57-0.94)* | 0.08 (0.01-0.50)** |
 Other | 2.22 (1.09-4.53)* | 5.73 (0.14-227.93) | 1.65 (0.82-3.31) | 0.41 (0.01-23.09) | 1.77 (0.83-3.76) | 1.11 (0.03-42.74) |
Perceived number of women that delivery in facility | 1.83 (1.53-2.19)*** | 1.84 (1.53-2.20)*** | Na | Na | Na | Na |
Perception of men’s attitude toward facility delivery | Na | Na | 1.36 (1.18-1.55)*** | 1.36 (1.19-1.56)*** | Na | Na |
Perception of MIL attitude toward facility delivery | Na | Na | Na | Na | 1.40 (1.18-1.65)*** | 1.41 (1.19-1.66)*** |
Community attitudes | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Attitudes toward number that delivery in facility | 4.13 (2.49-6.85)*** | 3.62 (2.02-6.51)*** | Na | Na | Na | Na |
 Men’s attitudes toward facility delivery | Na | Na | 3.70 (2.27-6.05)*** | 2.48 (1.47-4.19)*** | Na | Na |
 MIL attitudes toward facility delivery | Na | Na | Na | Na | 3.46 (1.85-6.45)*** | 2.20 (1.11-4.34)* |
Interactions | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Community attitude *Husband alone decides | Na | 1.33 (0.72-2.45) | Na | 2.14 (1.26-3.62)** | Na | 2.25 (1.15-4.42)* |
 Community attitude *Other decide | Na | 0.70 (0.19-2.59) | Na | 1.45 (0.50-4.22) | Na | 1.18 (0.30-4.62) |