Impact of singlehood during pregnancy on dietary intake and birth outcomes- a study in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study

Table 1 Maternal characteristics by marital status (n = 62,773)

	Married/cohabiting (n = 61,646)		Single living alone (n = 909)		Single living with parents (n = 218)		p-value
	N or Mean	% or SD	N or Mean	% or SD	N or Mean	% or SD	p-value
Age, years	30.1	4.5	29.5	6.4	21.6	4.6	< 0.001^*
Age in categories							< 0.001^†
< 20	391	0.6	36	4.0	83	38.1
20-24	6295	10.2	214	23.5	92	42.2
25-29	21,184	34.4	210	23.1	25	11.5
30-34	26,430	42.9	266	29.3	15	6.9
≥35	7346	11.9	183	20.1	3	1.4
BMI prior to pregnancy, kg/m²	24.1	4.3	24.3	5.1	23.8	4.9	0.047^‡
BMI in categories							< 0.001^†
<18.5	1730	2.8	48	5.3	16	7.3
18.5- 24.9	39,380	63.9	525	57.8	137	62.8
25 -29.9	13,176	21.4	182	20.0	29	13.3
30-34.9	4204	6.8	75	8.3	21	9.6
≥35	1560	2.5	43	4.7	8	3.7
Missing	1596	2.6	36	4.0	7	3.2
Education							< 0.001^†
< 12 years	11,865	19.2	370	40.7	135	61.9
12 years	7448	12.1	140	15.4	48	22.0
13-16 years	26,056	42.3	236	26.0	19	8.7
17 + years	15,019	24.4	144	15.8	8	3.7
Missing	1258	2.0	19	2.1	8	3.7
Income NOK							< 0.001^†
None	1298	2.2	54	6.3	54	27.4
<150,000	9211	15.5	285	33.1	98	49.7
150-199,000	6660	11.2	113	13.1	20	10.2
200-299,000	21,431	36.0	211	24.5	20	10.2
300-399,000	14,689	24.6	127	14.8	3	1.4
≥400,000	6320	10.6	71	8.2	2	1.0
Missing	2037^§		48 ^§		21^§
Smoking in pregnancy							< 0.001^†
Daily	3140	5.1	203	22.3	53	24.3
Occasional	1631	2.6	73	8.0	28	12.8
Non smokers	56,441	91.6	623	68.5	134	61.5
Missing	434	0.7	10	1.1	3	1.4
Parity							< 0.001^†
Primiparous	32,556	52.8	592	65.1	204	93.6
Multiparous	29,090	47.2	317	34.9	14	6.4
Nausea at time of FFQ							< 0.008^†
Yes	7042	11.4	126	13.9	35	16.1
Have felt depressed							< 0.001^†
Yes	30,147	48.9	609	67.0	128	58.7
Missing	655	1.1	16	1.8	6	2.8

ISSN: 1471-2393