Patterns of social inequalities across pregnancy and birth outcomes: a comparison of individual and neighborhood socioeconomic measures

Daoud, Nihaya; O’Campo, Patricia; Minh, Anita; Urquia, Marcelo L; Dzakpasu, Susie; Heaman, Maureen; Kaczorowski, Janusz; Levitt, Cheryl; Smylie, Janet; Chalmers, Beverley

doi:10.1186/s12884-014-0393-z

Table 3 Summary of the significance and direction of the associations between SEP measures and MCH outcomes in different groups from the Canadian maternity experiences survey

From: Patterns of social inequalities across pregnancy and birth outcomes: a comparison of individual and neighborhood socioeconomic measures

	Education ^a	Household income (LICO) ^b	Neihgbourhood SEP ^c	Combined SEP ^d
*A- Maternal and infant health status indicators*
1. Preterm Birth	+	NS	NS	*+ ()** (low-high)
2. Small for gestational Age	NS	+	+	+ (low-low)
3. Self rated health	+	+	+	+ (low-low)
4. Postpartum Depression	+	+	+	+ (low-low)
5. Pre-pregnancy BMI (<18.5)	+	+	+	+ (low-low)
6. Pre-pregnancy BMI (>24.5)	+	+	NS	+ (low-high)
*B- Prenatal care*
7. First prenatal care visit	+	+	+	+ (low-low)
8. Timing of ultrasound	-	NS	NS	NS
9. HIV testing (no)	NS	-	NS	+ (low-low)
10. Received enough information during pregnancy	+	+	+	+ (low-low)
11. Weight gained during pregnancy (kg) - (Below recommended range)	+	*+ ()**	NS	*+ ()** (low-high)
12. Weight gained during pregnancy (kg)-more (Above recommended range)	+	+	NS	+ (low-high)
*C- Labor and delivery* expereinces
13. Type of birth (caesarean)	NS	-	NS	+ (low-high)
14. Epidural for a vaginal birth	-	-	NS	+ (low-high)
15. Shaving for a vaginal birth	+	+	+	+ (low-high)
16. Position for vaginal birth (not laying flat)	NS	+	+	+ (low-low)
*D- Medical care during the neonatal period*
17. Infant hospital readmission	NS	NS	NS	NS
18. Infant needing non-routine neonatal care after discharge?	-	-	-	- (low-low)
19. Baby admitted to NICU after birth	NS	NS	NS	NS
20. Length of hospital stay after caesarean birth (More than average)	NS	NS	+	+ (high-low)
21. Length of hospital stay after vaginal birth (More than average)	+ (*)	NS	NS	NS
*E- Postpartum infant care & maternal reflections on the overall experience of health care*
22. Any breastfeeding at 3 months	+	+	-	+ (low-high)
23. Any breastfeeding at 6 months	+	+	-	+ (low-high)
24. Overall experience of labor and birth	NS	+	NS	+ (low-high)
25. Satisfaction with previous aspects of maternity care	+	*+()**	NS	NS

(+) Significant positive association (OR higher than 1) (P < 0.05).
(−) Significant negative association (OR less than 1) (P < 0.05).
(NS) Non-significant association.
(*) Significant at the level of 0.05 < p-value ≤ 0.10.
Reference category: ^aMore than high school, ^bAbove LICO, ^cMore than15% of households below LICO, ^dHigh individual-high neighboruhood SEP.

Back to article page

ISSN: 1471-2393

Contact us

Submission enquiries: bmcpregnancyandchildbirth@biomedcentral.com
General enquiries: ORSupport@springernature.com

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth

Contact us