| North Africa | Middle and East Africa | West Africa | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Maternal health and wellbeing | Non-HSC group (%) | HSC group (%) | χ 2p-value | Non-HSC group (%) | HSC group (%) | χ 2p-value | Non-HSC group (%) | HSC group (%) | χ 2p-value |
Age <20Â years | 3 (1.4) | 77 (6.7) | <0.01 | 6 (1.0) | 2 (2.3) | 0.26 | 0 | 6 (13.3) | - |
Age ≥35 years | 42 (19.6) | 190 (16.6) | 0.27 | 138 (22.3) | 23 (26.4) | 0.39 | 21 (34.4) | 2 (4.4) | <0.01 |
≥1 previous birth at ≥20 weeks gestation (multiparous) | 133 (62.2) | 919 (80.1) | <0.01 | 349 (56.4) | 61 (70.1) | 0.02 | 41 (67.2) | 31 (68.9) | 0.86 |
BMI < 18.5 (>2007, 30 missing data) | 1/90 (1.1) | 33/529 (6.2) | 0.05 | 12/309 (3.9) | 2/37 (5.4) | 0.65 | 1/30 (3.3) | 0/31 | - |
BMI ≥ 25.0 (>2007, 30 missing data) | 68/90 (75.6) | 232/529 (43.9) | <0.01 | 177/309 (57.3) | 19/37 (51.4) | 0.49 | 19/30 (63.3) | 19/31 (61.3) | 0.87 |
High relative socio-economic disadvantage (IRSD) (10 missing data) | 73/212 (34.4) | 762/1147 (66.4) | <0.01 | 228/611 (37.3) | 46/87 (52.9) | <0.01 | 16 (26.2) | 35 (77.8) | <0.01 |
Interpreter required (>2007, 34 missing data) | 21/88 (23.9) | 273/530 (51.5) | <0.01 | 2/305 (0.7) | 15/37 (40.5) | <0.01 | 0 | 3/31 (9.7) | - |
Married/de facto (174 missing data) | 182/187 (97.3) | 916/1101 (83.2) | <0.01 | 484/532 (91.0) | 62/79 (78.5) | <0.01 | 55/57 (96.5) | 29/43 (67.4) | <0.01 |
Female genital mutilation (FGM) | 1 (0.5) | 58 (5.1) | <0.01 | 2 (0.3) | 12 (13.8) | <0.01 | 2 (3.3) | 3 (6.7) | 0.65 |
Previous caesarean section (multiparous only) | 39/133 (29.3) | 139/919 (15.1) | <0.01 | 97/349 (27.8) | 15/61 (24.6) | 0.60 | 13/41 (31.7) | 4/31 (12.9) | 0.06 |
Anemia | 12 (5.6) | 88 (7.7) | 0.29 | 30 (4.9) | 4 (4.6) | 1.00 | 8 (13.1) | 0 | - |
Vitamin D deficiency (>2008) | 14/65 (21.5) | 110/404 (27.2) | 0.33 | 54/619 (8.7) | 7/30 (23.3) | 0.01 | 7/61 (11.5) | 8/25 (32.0) | 0.02 |
Syphilis | 0 | 86 (7.5) | - | 2 (0.3) | 1 (1.2) | 0.33 | 0 | 1 (2.2) | - |
Hepatitis B | 0 | 90 (7.9) | - | 7 (1.1) | 1 (1.2) | 1.00 | 0 | 8 (17.8) | - |
Hepatitis C | 0 | 23 (2.0) | - | 1 (0.2) | 0 | - | 0 | 0 | - |
Human Immunodeficiency Virus | 0 | 3 (0.3) | - | 2 (0.3) | 0 | - | 0 | 0 | - |