Empowerment and use of antenatal care among women in Ghana: a cross-sectional study

Table 4 Empowerment among non-pregnant women in Ghana who had been pregnant and in a relationship in the past 12 months by experience of physical abuse (N = 404)

	Experienced physical abuse
	Yes	No
	N = 21 (4.3%)	383 (95.7%)
Partner control
Partner frequently accused her of being unfaithful*	4 (21.3%)	15 (3.8%)
Partner frequently tried to limit her contact with her family*	5 (24.8%)	16 (3.4%)
Partner insisted on knowing where she was at all times*	17 (82.3%)	176 (44.5%)
Partner did not trust her with money*	6 (26.6%)	17 (4.5%)
Partner control index¹* [Mean (SE)]	1.6 (0.06)	0.6 (0.04)
Emotional abuse*	21 (100%)	91 (26.1%)

Note: Unless otherwise indicated, results are presented as unweighted counts and weighted percentages.
¹Partner control is the number of the following statements to which participants responded “yes”: 1) Partner frequently accused [respondent] of being unfaithful; 2) Partner frequently tried to limit [respondent’s] contact with her family; 3) Partner insisted on knowing where [respondent] was at all times; 4) Partner did not trust [respondent] with money. *P-values <0.01; derived from Rao-Scott chi-square tests for categorical variables and t-test for the continuous variable.

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