Evidence of no or negative impact (leave out of programs) |
Uncertain evidence (need for additional research before including in programs) |
Some evidence (may include in programs, but further evaluation is warranted) |
Clear evidence (merits inclusion in programs) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Emergency loan/insurance funds for obstetric emergencies | X | |||
Financial incentives to improve access to emergency obstetric care | X | |||
Training traditional birth attendants in clean delivery and referral | X | |||
Training of other cadres of community health workers | X | |||
Training nurse-aides as birth attendants (including Caesarean section) | X | |||
Training professional midwives in antenatal and intrapartum care | X | |||
Obstetric drills | X | |||
Training in neonatal resuscitation for physicians and other health workers | X | |||
Public-private partnerships | X | |||
Maternity waiting homes | X | |||
Home birth with skilled attendance versus hospital birth |
X (high-income country studies only; no disadvantage to home birth) | |||
Perinatal audit | X |