Table 18 Collective grading of evidence for impact of monitoring interventions in pregnancy on stillbirth and related perinatal outcomes
From: Reducing stillbirths: screening and monitoring during pregnancy and labour
|
Evidence of no or negative impact (leave out of programmes) |
Uncertain evidence (need for additional research before including in programmes) |
Some evidence (may include in programmes, but further evaluation is warranted) |
Clear evidence (merits inclusion in programmes) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pregnancy risk screening | X | |||
| Fetal movement counting | X |
X
(for high-risk pregnancies) | ||
| Ultrasound scanning | X | |||
| Doppler velocimetry | X (uterine artery and unselected populations) | X (umbilical artery and ductus venosus in high-risk pregnancies) | ||
| Pelvimetry | X | |||
| Detection and management of diabetes mellitus | X | |||
| Antepartum fetal heart rate monitoring with cardiotocography (NST, CST) | X | |||
| Fetal BPP scoring | X | |||
| Vibroacoustic stimulation | X | |||
| Amniotic fluid volume assessment | X (oligohydramnios clear risk factor) | |||
| Home vs. hospital bed rest and monitoring for high-risk pregnancies | X | |||
| In-hospital fetal surveillance unit | X | |||
| Use of the partograph | X | |||
| Intrapartum cardiotocography and pulse oximetry | X (based largely on observational evidence) |