Table 18 Collective grading of evidence for impact of monitoring interventions in pregnancy on stillbirth and related perinatal outcomes
From: Reducing stillbirths: screening and monitoring during pregnancy and labour
| Â | Evidence of no or negative impact (leave out of programmes) | Uncertain evidence (need for additional research before including in programmes) | Some evidence (may include in programmes, but further evaluation is warranted) | Clear evidence (merits inclusion in programmes) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Pregnancy risk screening | Â | X | Â | Â |
Fetal movement counting | Â | X | X (for high-risk pregnancies) | Â |
Ultrasound scanning | Â | X | Â | Â |
Doppler velocimetry | Â | X (uterine artery and unselected populations) | X (umbilical artery and ductus venosus in high-risk pregnancies) | Â |
Pelvimetry | Â | X | Â | Â |
Detection and management of diabetes mellitus | Â | X | Â | Â |
Antepartum fetal heart rate monitoring with cardiotocography (NST, CST) | Â | X | Â | Â |
Fetal BPP scoring | Â | X | Â | Â |
Vibroacoustic stimulation | Â | X | Â | Â |
Amniotic fluid volume assessment | Â | X (oligohydramnios clear risk factor) | Â | Â |
Home vs. hospital bed rest and monitoring for high-risk pregnancies | Â | X | Â | Â |
In-hospital fetal surveillance unit | Â | X | Â | Â |
Use of the partograph | Â | X | Â | Â |
Intrapartum cardiotocography and pulse oximetry | Â | Â | X (based largely on observational evidence) | Â |