Table 16 Impact of balanced protein-energy supplementation on stillbirth and perinatal mortality
From: Reducing stillbirths: behavioural and nutritional interventions before and during pregnancy
Source | Location and Type of Study | Intervention | Stillbirths/Perinatal Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|
Reviews and meta-analyses | |||
Kramer and Kakuma 2003 [112] | Gambia, India, Greece, Chile, Colombia, USA. Meta-analysis (Cochrane). 6 RCTs included. | Assessed the impact of balanced antenatal protein-energy supplementation on pregnancy outcomes in supplemented individuals compared to controls. | SBR: RR = 0.55 (95% CI: 0.31–0.97). |
Other intervention studies | |||
Kielmann et al. 1978 [117] | India, Rural health research centre, Narangwal (Punjab). Quasi-RCT, clustered by village. | Villages allocated to 1 of 3 service groups (medical care: MC), nutrition supplementation (NUT), and nutrition+medical care (NUT+MC) provided by auxiliary health workers resident in each village, or control villages receiving no care. Outcomes measured via longitudinal and cross-sectional surveys. | SBR: Lower in all service input villages combined (P < 0.05 compared to controls), lowest in NUT villages (P < 0.025 compared to controls). PMR: Higher in MC+NUT than NUT [NS] ENMR: Lower in all service input villages combined (P < 0.005 compared to controls). Lowest in MC +NUT villages (28/1000 live births), intermediate in MC and in the NUT villages (37/1000) and high in control villages (52.1/1000). |