| Maternal morbidity |  |  | |
---|---|---|---|---|
 | Yes N = 3745% | No N = 27524% | Crude OR (95%CI) | Adjusted OR* (95%CI) |
Year (ref = 1999) †|  |  | 1.03 (1.01–1.05) | 1.03 (1.01–1.05) |
Maternal age | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   <20 | 4.9 | 4.2 | 1.24 (1.05–1.45) | 1.25 (1.06–1.48) |
   20–34 | 73.6 | 78.3 | 1.00 | 1.00 (Referent) |
   ≥ 35 | 21.5 | 17.5 | 1.30 (1.19–1.42) | 1.16 (1.06–1.27) |
Parity | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   0 | 48.8 | 47.1 | 1.18 (1.09–1.28) | 1.14 (1.04–1.25) |
   1 | 26.5 | 30.3 | 1 | 1.00 (Referent) |
   2 | 13.4 | 13.6 | 1.12 (1.00–1.28) | 1.10 (0.98–1.23) |
   3 | 5.9 | 5.3 | 1.24 (1.06–1.45) | 1.19 (1.01–1.40) |
   ≥ 4 | 5.6 | 3.8 | 1.69 (1.43–1.99) | 1.41 (1.19–1.68) |
Previous caesarean | 12.1 | 6.9 | 1.85 (1.66–2.07) | 1.52 (1.33–1.73) |
Multiple pregnancy | 5.3 | 2.6 | 2.12 (1.80–2.49) | 1.61 (1.35–1.92) |
Malpresentation | 5.3 | 3.1 | 1.68 (1.43–1.97) | Not retained |
Smoking | 17.8 | 15.2 | 1.21 (1.10–1.32) | 1.19 (1.08–1.31) |
Diabetes | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Pre-gestational | 0.5 | 0.3 | 1.76 (1.04–2.99) | Not retained |
   Gestational | 5.3 | 4.4 | 1.19 (1.02–1.39) | Not retained |
Hypertension | 16.3 | 11.6 | 1.49 (1.35–1.64) | 1.30 (1.18–1.44) |
Renal disease | 0.4 | 0.1 | 2.92 (1.61–5.32) | 2.76 (1.49–5.11) |
Cardiac disease | 1.7 | 0.3 | 5.10 (3.67–7.10) | 4.13 (2.94–5.81) |
Antepartum haemorrhage | 8.3 | 2.5 | 3.54 (3.07–4.07) | 2.53 (2.16–2.95) |
Hospital type | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Small rural | 10.8 | 9.1 | 1.22 (1.09–1.37) | 1.41 (1.26–1.59) |
   District | 27.0 | 26.3 | 1.06 (0.97–1.15) | 1.18 (1.08–1.28) |
   Tertiary obstetric | 49.5 | 50.9 | 1.00 (Referent) | 1.00 (Referent) |
   Private | 12.7 | 13.7 | 0.96 (0.86–1.07) | 0.99 (1.88–1.09) |
Induction of labour | 33.1 | 30.1 | 1.15 (1.07–1.24) | 1.19 (1.10–1.28) |
Mode of delivery | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Spontaneous vaginal | 54.8 | 70.3 | 1.00 (Referent) | 1.00 (Referent) |
   Instrumental | 21.1 | 17.2 | 1.59 (1.45–1.73) | 1.56 (1.42–1.72) |
   CS prior to labour | 11.4 | 5.7 | 2.60 (2.31–2.92) | 1.74 (1.51–2.00) |
   CS during labour | 12.7 | 6.8 | 2.38 (2.13–2.66) | 1.99 (1.77–2.24) |
Gestational age (weeks) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   20–32 | 3.8 | 1.9 | 2.05 (1.68–2.49) | 1.39 (1.13–1.72) |
   33–36 | 6.9 | 4.0 | 1.80 (1.56–2.08) | 1.27 (1.09–1.48) |
   37+ | 89.3 | 94.1 | 1.00 (Referent) | 1.00 (Referent) |