Caesarean section in four South East Asian countries: reasons for, rates, associated care practices and health outcomes

Table 2 Use of prophylactic antibiotics and blood loss for women having a caesarean section (as percentage of caesarean deliveries)

	Indonesia			Malaysia			The Philippines			Thailand
	Overall	Tertiary	District	Overall	Tertiary 1	Tertiary 2	Overall	Tertiary 1	Tertiary 2	Overall	Regional	University	Provincial
	n = 618	n = 292	n = 326	n = 453	n = 264	n = 189	n = 474	n = 126	n = 348	n = 1045	n = 333	n = 332	n = 380
Antibiotics given	100	100	100	99	100	98	93	100	91	100	100	99	100
If yes, when given
pre-operatively	0	0	0	60	100	4	58	99	41	9	21	2	6
after cord clamped	0	0	0	1	0	1	12	1	16	88	78	99	87
post-operatively	100	100	100	39	0	95	31	0	43	3	1	0	7
If given, which antibiotics
cephalosporin	77	69	84	59	100	1	73	82	69	84	76	94	83
ampicillin	7	15	0	37	0	90	4	5	3	13	22	5	11
other	16	16	16	4	0	9	23	14	27	3	2	1	6
If given, what dosage
single	0	0	0	59	100	0	76	93	70	53	82	84	1
multiple	100	100	100	41	0	100	24	7	30	47	18	16	99
Blood loss at caesarean section
< = 500 mls	96	95	97	74	70	80	21	35	17	67	72	43	83
501 – 1000 mls	4	5	3	19	22	14	75	62	80	32	26	56	17
≥ 1000 mls	0	0	0	7	8	6	4	3	4	1	2	1	0
Postpartum haemorrhage > 500 ml	4	5	3	26	30	20	79	65	83	33	28	57	17
Postpartum transfusion	5	4	6	9	8	10	4	3	4	1	1	1	0

ISSN: 1471-2393