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Table 1 Rates and main indications for caesarean section (as percentage of overall births and percentages of rates consecutively)

From: Caesarean section in four South East Asian countries: reasons for, rates, associated care practices and health outcomes

 

Indonesia

  

Malaysia

  

The Philippines

  

Thailand

   
 

Overall

Tertiary

District

Overall

Tertiary 1

Tertiary 2

Overall

Tertiary 1

Tertiary 2

Overall

Regional

University

Provincial

 

n = 2086

n = 1019

n = 1067

n = 2379

n = 1249

n = 1130

n = 2085

n = 1026

n = 1059

n = 3000

n = 1000

n = 1000

n = 1000

Rate of caesarean section

29.6

28.7

30.6

19.1

21.1

16.8

22.7

12.3

32.9

34.8

33.3

33.2

38.0

Indication for caesarean section

             

Malpresentations

5.5

3.8

7.1

5.0

5.4

4.6

3.9

2.5

5.3

4.5

5.5

3.8

4.3

Previous caesarean section

4.5

3.0

5.8

3.3

3.5

3.1

10.1

6.6

13.4

9.7

8.8

9.3

11.0

Cephalopelvic disproportion

3.8

2.0

5.5

4.8

5.4

4.2

3.0

1.3

4.6

11.4

9.7

9.3

15.2

Fetal distress

3.3

4.0

2.6

3.3

3.8

2.7

2.0

0.3

3.7

4.2

5.2

3.8

3.7

Failure to progress

3.4

4.3

2.4

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.7

0.2

1.4

0.6

Antepartum haemorrhage

2.5

2.5

2.5

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.7

1.0

2.5

0.6

0.8

0.6

0.5

Pre-eclampsia/eclampsia

2.2

3.2

1.1

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.7

1.1

0.4

0.7

Maternal request

2.1

3.7

0.6

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

Premature rupture of membranes

1.6

1.0

2.2

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.3

0.2

0.3

0.3

Other Maternal conditions

0.4

0.4

0.5

0.7

1.0

0.4

1.0

0.0

1.9

1.4

0.6

2.9

0.8

Multiple pregnancy

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.1

0.1

0.2

0.2

0.1

0.3

0.7

0.6

0.6

0.9

Other

0.4

0.7

0.2

0.5

0.6

0.4

0.9

0.5

1.2

0.5

0.6

0.8

0.0

  1. Figures are percentage rounded to one decimal point